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Publications, Newspaper Cuttings, Photographs and Correspondence about Persia and the Persian Gulf [184v] (369/879)
The record is made up of 1 file (436 folios). It was created in 14 Oct 1891-Sep 1911. It was written in English, French and German. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .
Transcription
This transcription is created automatically. It may contain errors.
656
JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF ARTS.
May 27, 1910.
Baha Ullah wrote the " Kitab-ul-Aqdas,” the
“ Kitab-ul-Iqan,” and the “ Kitab-ul-Ahd,”
besides numerous letters or “tablets,” all of
which are now being steadily disseminated
through Asia. When Pope Leo X. resorted
to excommunication, Luther retorted by burn
ing the Papal decree in public. Baha Ullah,
in similar circumstances, not less scornfully
derided his excommunicators. Gradually in
Europe nobles and princes, as well as some
priests, began to support the Lutheran cause,
until its suppression by violence ceased to be
even thinkable. The followers of Baha Ullah
already include members of the ruling family
in Persia—Viziers, Parliamentary Deputies,
Governors of Provinces, and several priests or
Mullahs ; and although persecution in Persia
has not ceased, it is now obliged for the most
part to resort to quieter and subtler methods.
One of my most influential Bahai friends was,
before his conversion, an eminent Mujtahid or
Muhammadan prelate. Pope Adrian VI., in
alarm, called to his aid the rulers of Austria,
France and Germany, and a last fierce cam
paign against heresy was thus set going. The
son and apostle of Baha Ullah, Abbas Effendi,
has told how the Ulema (religious doctors)
constrained the Persian Government to take
active measures against the Reformer and to
order the pillage and massacre of his followers.
Luther translated the Bible into German, and
thereby dealt ecclesiastical authority one of its
heaviest blows. Baha Ullah has directed that
the Bible, the Quran, and his own scriptures
are to be translated into every language in the
world. Luther, himself a monk, assailed the
principle of monasticism by marrying a nun.
Baha Ullah adjures the priests of all religions
to renounce celibacy and to preach by their
example, mingling in the life of the people.
This personal parallelism might be carried
further, but its significance must now be suffi
ciently apparent. History to-day is opening a
new page in Asia.
But the Reformation in Europe, as all know,
was not a mere revolt against Rome. The
essence of the movement is the vindication of
the principle, independent of time, place, or
circumstance, that man is, in his very nature,
destined to be free. From the religious free
dom won by the anti-clerical upheaval of the
sixteenth century came, in a large measure,
the political rights now enjoyed by the greatest
and most enlightened peoples in the world.
Indeed, the outstanding civic fact of the last
three centuries is the firm establishment almost
throughout the Western world of constitutional
forms of government, with parliamentary con
trol over law, justice, and finance. Can any
one suppose it to be a mere coincidence that
in Persia and Turkey the beginnings of reli
gious reformation, as represented by Bahaism,
have been followed by the first steps in political
reformation, and that the wafting of Bahai
ideas to Egypt, India, Arabia, Morocco, and
Algeria is being accompanied by new forms of
Oriental unrest ? Or can anyone believe that
the influence of this regenerative spirit will
carry no further than that ? Let us cast but
one more glance at the Reformation in Europe
and reflect upon its larger consequences. The
religious and political changes that it inaugu
rated were not its end : they were but the
means to a more splendid reformation. " Rich
indeed,” says one of the soberest of our his
torians, “ has been the harvest of that great
period. The spirit of inquiry, once set free,
has changed and blessed the whole world. To
this we owe in modern literature some of the
noblest creations of the human intellect. To
this are due the discoveries of science, which
have made life longer, easier, brighter. Hence
have come in every land the triumphs of truth
and genius over prejudice and power. This it
is which has created the greatest of modern
republics, and has filled the colonial world
with flourishing, self-governing peoples; has
revealed the secrets of Central Africa and
the isles of the great Pacific; has dimi
nished distance by steam, and destroyed it by
electricity ; has struck off the fetters of the
slave, and, last and best, has made the nations
know each other, and in that knowledge has
prepared, and is preparing, for the reign of
universal peace.” A Reformation on European
soil and a Reformation on Asiatic soil will not
necessarily produce identical harvests. But
before anyone attempts to make light of the
potentialities of an awakened Islam, let him
recall the splendid proofs of power which early
Muhammadanism gave to the world ere priestly
abuse corrupted and debased it. “ The Arab
Conquerors,” we read, “ at first unlettered foes
of art and science, soon began to make a pro
gress in culture as rapid as had been that
of their arms. They acquired, and were zealous
in promoting elsewhere, the civilisation of the
Greek and Oriental world which they had
subdued in Egypt, Asia Minor, and Persia.
Great cities were built, commerce and manu
factures flourished, and schools arose in all
parts of the Saracenic Empire. The result of
the efforts made was that the Saracens played
a great and honourable part in the intellectual
About this item
- Content
The file contains miscellaneous papers, mostly printed publications, newspaper cuttings and photographs, relating to Persia and the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. .
It includes a few items of correspondence, including letters to George Nathaniel Curzon relating to the Trans-Persian Railway, and Russian influence in Persia, and handwritten notes by Curzon on topics including arms traffic in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. , and the Trans-Persian Railway.
The file also includes copies of printed publications relating to Persia, including: three pamphlets on Lake Urmi [Urmia] in North West Persia, by Robert Theodore Günther (two of which include duplicate copies of a map of the Lake Urmi Basin, Mss Eur F111/356, f 132); a paper entitled ‘Paper to be read before the Indian Section of the Society of Arts, Thursday, May 8th. 1902. The Past and Present Connection of England with the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. . By Thomas Jewell Bennett.’; and an article from the Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal (Volume 5, Number 8, August 1909) entitled ‘Some Persian Folk-lore Stories concerning the Ruins of Persepolis.’ by Captain Charles Monk Gibbon, Royal Irish Fusiliers.
It includes in addition: two issues of a French pamphlet entitled Bulletin de l’Union des Associations des Anciens Élèves des Écoles Supérieures de Commerce (Reconnues par l’État) [ Bulletin of the Union of Associations of Former Students of the Higher Schools of Commerce (Recognized by the State) ], dated 20 January and 5 February 1904, which include articles by M E Peschier on the Baghdad Railway; and a German bookseller’s catalogue entitled Indica et Iranica Teilweise aus der Bibliothek von Viggo Fausböll Professor der indischen Sprachen an der Universität Kopenhagen I. Literaturen und Sprachen Indiens und Persiens [ Indica et Iranica Partially from the Library of Viggo Fausboll Professor of Indian Languages at the University of Copenhagen. Literatures and Languages of India and Persia ].
Folios to 250 to 370 of the file mostly consist of cuttings relating to Persia and the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. from various newspapers and other publications, including: The Times , The Morning Post , The Spectator , The Civil & Military Gazette , The Times of India , and The Standard . The cuttings concern topics including: British interests in Persia; the Russian influence in Persia, including the Persian Government signing a concession to a Russian company for the construction of a cart-road between Kazvin, Resht and Enzeli, and Anglo-Russian rivalry in trade with Persia; the cholera epidemic in Persia; and the events of the Persian Constitutional Revolution of 1905-11.
Folios 386 to 433 of the file consist of black and white photographs, including:
- Three photographs in an envelope entitled ‘Photos of Koweit [Kuwait]’, of Mabarak-bin-Subah [Shaikh Mubārak bin Ṣabāḥ Āl Ṣabāḥ], Shaikh of Kuwait, and his youngest son Naser (f 387), the foreshore of Koweit (f 388), and the residence of the Shaikh of Koweit (f 389)
- Two photographs in an envelope labelled ‘Photos by Parkin (assistant at Brit[ish] Resid[ency] Bushire / of Koweit Muscat. Bushire. Sent to me by Col[onel] Meade. April 1899.’ of Seyed Faisal bin Turki [Sayyid Fayṣal bin Turkī Āl Bū Sa‘īd], Sultan of Muscat (f 392), and Seyed Mohamed bin Turki, half-brother of the Sultan of Muscat (f 391)
- A set of photographs of the following: the South entrance of the Governor’s house, Bushire (f 395); the Political Agency An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, headed by an agent. and British Consulate, Muskat [Muscat] (f 396); the watch tower on Samana (f 397); Major and Mrs Leigh in Camp in Samana (f 398); Major and Mrs Leigh and Lieutenant Creagh [possibly George Washington Brazier-Creagh] at Mastar [Māster, Persia] (f 399); entrance of Muskat Harbour (f 400); town of Muskat from the harbour (f 401); Fort Jelali, Muskat (f 402); Fort Mahrani [Fort Al-Mirani], Muscat (f 403); and the British Vice Consulate at Mohamerah [Khorramshahr] (f 404)
- Printed images of the following: the British Agency An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, headed by an agent. , Manamah, Bahrain (f 407); Shaikh Khaz’ al of Muhammareh [Shaikh Khaz‘al bin Jābir bin Mirdāw al-Ka‘bī] (f 408); the view at Haz’-adh-Dhabi, Trucial Oman A name used by Britain from the nineteenth century to 1971 to refer to the present-day United Arab Emirates. (f 409); salt rocks on Qishm Island near Namakdan (f 410); the Hindiyan River near Zaidan (f 411); a parade of British and Persian troops at Rishehr, 1905 (f 412); two views of Muhammerah Town (f 413); a creek near Basrah [Basra] from the Shatt-al-’Arab (f 414); a crowd at Ras-al-Khaimah (f 415); the Foreshore, Kuwait (f 416); the Hanaini well, Bahrain Island (f 417); ancient tumuli, Bahrain Island (f 418); Kumzar (f 419); Lingeh (f 420); the Tis Valley in Persian Makran (f 421); the West end of Masqat Town [Muscat Town] with the Sultan’s Palace and Fort Mirani (f 422); and the Eastern end of Masqat Town, with the British Consulate on the left, and the Sultan’s palace on the right (f 423).
- Extent and format
- 1 file (436 folios)
- Arrangement
The folios from folio 4 to folio 251 are arranged in rough chronological order. The newspaper cuttings are mostly between folios 249 and 359, and the photographs are at the rear of the file (folios 386 to 433).
- Physical characteristics
Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 436; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio.
- Written in
- English, French and German in Latin script View the complete information for this record
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- Reference
- Mss Eur F111/356
- Title
- Publications, Newspaper Cuttings, Photographs and Correspondence about Persia and the Persian Gulf
- Pages
- 182v:189r
- Author
- Temple, Bernard Joel
- Copyright
- ©RSA, London
- Usage terms
- Creative Commons Attribution Licence
- Reference
- Mss Eur F111/356
- Title
- Publications, Newspaper Cuttings, Photographs and Correspondence about Persia and the Persian Gulf
- Pages
- 180r:193v
- Author
- RSA Journal xx Journal of the Royal Society of Arts xx Journal of the Society of Arts
- Copyright
- ©RSA, London
- Usage terms
- Creative Commons Attribution Licence