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Publications, Newspaper Cuttings, Photographs and Correspondence about Persia and the Persian Gulf [‎49r] (99/879)

The record is made up of 1 file (436 folios). It was created in 14 Oct 1891-Sep 1911. It was written in English, French and German. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .

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5
LAKE URMI AND ITS NEIGHBOURHOOD.
Table of Areas drained by the Rivers flowing into Lake Urmi.
Drainage
areas,
100
sq. miles.
Drainage
areas,
100
sq. miles.
I.
IV.
Zola Chai
11-7
Nazlu Chai
9-0
Salian Rud
5-8
Shaher Chai
2-6
Other drainage areas
4:8
Barenduz Chai
5-4
-
Gader Chai
7:4
Total
10-6
Other drainage areas
7-0
Total
431
Summary.
II.
Area I
43-1
Tatawa Chai
21-3
„ II
63:2
Djaghatu Chai
41-9
„ Hi
58 9

„ IV
10:6
Total
63-2
„ of lake
17:9
III.
Total area of Urmi basin ...
193-7
Murdi Chai
41
Safi Chai
3-6
Slopes of Sahend
9:5
Adji Chai
389
Slopes of Shahi
2-8
Total
58-9
Springs.—In addition to the water of the rivers, Lake Urmi receives
the water of many springs. St. George’s spring below the hill at
Superghan, the springs at Daschkiesen, and the spring on the island of
Koyun Daghi, discharge their waters almost directly into the lake.
Other springs are said to rise in the bed of the lake itself near Solduz,
and have been accused by the natives of having caused the recent rise
in the level of the water.
The Lake of Urmi itself extends over an area of about 1795 square
miles at times of low water, and probably covers 600 square miles
more in wet years when the spring thaws have melted the snow on the
plains. It measures about 80 miles from north to south, and 24 from
east to west. It is a very shallow lake; the greatest depth does not
exceed some 45 or 50 feet, and the average depth is far less, probably
not more than 20 feet. Its shores for the most part are of a very gentle
gradient; but at certain places, hills of Miocene limestone rock or of
volcanic origin rise up abruptly from the usually flat shores. In the
middle of the southern half of the lake is a group of islands, composed
for the most part of Miocene calcareous rocks, but undoubted Paleozoic
strata appear beneath them.
The analysis of the water of Lake Urmi * shows that it is about three-
* For details see Proc. R. S., vol. 65, p. 312.

About this item

Content

The file contains miscellaneous papers, mostly printed publications, newspaper cuttings and photographs, relating to Persia and the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. .

It includes a few items of correspondence, including letters to George Nathaniel Curzon relating to the Trans-Persian Railway, and Russian influence in Persia, and handwritten notes by Curzon on topics including arms traffic in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. , and the Trans-Persian Railway.

The file also includes copies of printed publications relating to Persia, including: three pamphlets on Lake Urmi [Urmia] in North West Persia, by Robert Theodore Günther (two of which include duplicate copies of a map of the Lake Urmi Basin, Mss Eur F111/356, f 132); a paper entitled ‘Paper to be read before the Indian Section of the Society of Arts, Thursday, May 8th. 1902. The Past and Present Connection of England with the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. . By Thomas Jewell Bennett.’; and an article from the Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal (Volume 5, Number 8, August 1909) entitled ‘Some Persian Folk-lore Stories concerning the Ruins of Persepolis.’ by Captain Charles Monk Gibbon, Royal Irish Fusiliers.

It includes in addition: two issues of a French pamphlet entitled Bulletin de l’Union des Associations des Anciens Élèves des Écoles Supérieures de Commerce (Reconnues par l’État) [ Bulletin of the Union of Associations of Former Students of the Higher Schools of Commerce (Recognized by the State) ], dated 20 January and 5 February 1904, which include articles by M E Peschier on the Baghdad Railway; and a German bookseller’s catalogue entitled Indica et Iranica Teilweise aus der Bibliothek von Viggo Fausböll Professor der indischen Sprachen an der Universität Kopenhagen I. Literaturen und Sprachen Indiens und Persiens [ Indica et Iranica Partially from the Library of Viggo Fausboll Professor of Indian Languages at the University of Copenhagen. Literatures and Languages of India and Persia ].

Folios to 250 to 370 of the file mostly consist of cuttings relating to Persia and the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. from various newspapers and other publications, including: The Times , The Morning Post , The Spectator , The Civil & Military Gazette , The Times of India , and The Standard . The cuttings concern topics including: British interests in Persia; the Russian influence in Persia, including the Persian Government signing a concession to a Russian company for the construction of a cart-road between Kazvin, Resht and Enzeli, and Anglo-Russian rivalry in trade with Persia; the cholera epidemic in Persia; and the events of the Persian Constitutional Revolution of 1905-11.

Folios 386 to 433 of the file consist of black and white photographs, including:

  • Three photographs in an envelope entitled ‘Photos of Koweit [Kuwait]’, of Mabarak-bin-Subah [Shaikh Mubārak bin Ṣabāḥ Āl Ṣabāḥ], Shaikh of Kuwait, and his youngest son Naser (f 387), the foreshore of Koweit (f 388), and the residence of the Shaikh of Koweit (f 389)
  • Two photographs in an envelope labelled ‘Photos by Parkin (assistant at Brit[ish] Resid[ency] Bushire / of Koweit Muscat. Bushire. Sent to me by Col[onel] Meade. April 1899.’ of Seyed Faisal bin Turki [Sayyid Fayṣal bin Turkī Āl Bū Sa‘īd], Sultan of Muscat (f 392), and Seyed Mohamed bin Turki, half-brother of the Sultan of Muscat (f 391)
  • A set of photographs of the following: the South entrance of the Governor’s house, Bushire (f 395); the Political Agency An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, headed by an agent. and British Consulate, Muskat [Muscat] (f 396); the watch tower on Samana (f 397); Major and Mrs Leigh in Camp in Samana (f 398); Major and Mrs Leigh and Lieutenant Creagh [possibly George Washington Brazier-Creagh] at Mastar [Māster, Persia] (f 399); entrance of Muskat Harbour (f 400); town of Muskat from the harbour (f 401); Fort Jelali, Muskat (f 402); Fort Mahrani [Fort Al-Mirani], Muscat (f 403); and the British Vice Consulate at Mohamerah [Khorramshahr] (f 404)
  • Printed images of the following: the British Agency An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, headed by an agent. , Manamah, Bahrain (f 407); Shaikh Khaz’ al of Muhammareh [Shaikh Khaz‘al bin Jābir bin Mirdāw al-Ka‘bī] (f 408); the view at Haz’-adh-Dhabi, Trucial Oman A name used by Britain from the nineteenth century to 1971 to refer to the present-day United Arab Emirates. (f 409); salt rocks on Qishm Island near Namakdan (f 410); the Hindiyan River near Zaidan (f 411); a parade of British and Persian troops at Rishehr, 1905 (f 412); two views of Muhammerah Town (f 413); a creek near Basrah [Basra] from the Shatt-al-’Arab (f 414); a crowd at Ras-al-Khaimah (f 415); the Foreshore, Kuwait (f 416); the Hanaini well, Bahrain Island (f 417); ancient tumuli, Bahrain Island (f 418); Kumzar (f 419); Lingeh (f 420); the Tis Valley in Persian Makran (f 421); the West end of Masqat Town [Muscat Town] with the Sultan’s Palace and Fort Mirani (f 422); and the Eastern end of Masqat Town, with the British Consulate on the left, and the Sultan’s palace on the right (f 423).
Extent and format
1 file (436 folios)
Arrangement

The folios from folio 4 to folio 251 are arranged in rough chronological order. The newspaper cuttings are mostly between folios 249 and 359, and the photographs are at the rear of the file (folios 386 to 433).

Physical characteristics

Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 436; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio.

Written in
English, French and German in Latin script
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Publications, Newspaper Cuttings, Photographs and Correspondence about Persia and the Persian Gulf [‎49r] (99/879), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, Mss Eur F111/356, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100179960736.0x000013> [accessed 23 August 2026]

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