Geographical Journal (Journal of the Royal Geographical Society): Volume VIII, No. 5 [‎39v] (81/154)

484 GEOGRAPHY AT THE BRITISH ASSOCIATION, LIVERPOOL, 1896.
The fracture afforded an interesting glimpse of the internal structure of
a glacier far from its termination.
Lieut. G. Vandeleur, of the Scots Guards, gave a preliminary state
ment of his observations in Uganda and oa the Upper Nile, which will
shortly be presented in full to the Royal Geographical Society.
Dr. F. P. Gulliver, of Harvard College, discussed the form of the
coast-line of Romney Marsh, and described the origin of Dungeness.
His paper will probably be published with diagrams in the Journal.
Mr. A. Montefiore Brice, secretary to the Jackson-Harmsworth Arctic
Expedition, gave an address to a crowded house on the second year’s
work of the expedition, illustrated by slides, showing the life of the
expedition and the scenery of Franz Josef Land. Sir Erasmus Omman-
ney, Sir Martin Conway, and Mr. Coles, expressed the feeling of the
meeting as to the valuable work which had been done. It will be fully
recorded in the Journal.
Mr. G. F. Scott Elliot communicated a paper on the influence of
climate and vegetation on African civilization, an abstract of which
appears in the Monthly Record. It gave rise to a brief discussion.
Mr. Vaughan Cornish contributed the results of a valuable original
investigation on the forms, origin, and distribution of sand-dunes and
sand-banks, which we hope to publish in full, with diagrams, at an
early date.
Saturday, September 19.—Mr. A. J. Herbertson exhibited a series of
monthly mean rainfall maps of the world, which, in conjunction with
Dr. A. Buchan, he has prepared for the great physical atlas now being
compiled by Mr. Bartholomew, on the basis of Berghaus. These
maps are the first of their kind to be made, and are full of interest from
the point of view of climatology.
Mr. Ravenstein presented the report of the Committee on the Clima
tology of Tropical Africa (Secretary, Mr. H. N. Dickson), the text of
which is given in the Monthly Record.
Mr. J. Howard Reed sent in a paper describing the efforts of the
Manchester Geographical Society in the popularization of geographical
education.
Ihe feature of the day was an eloquent address on Canada and
its gold-resources by Sir James Grant, k.c.m.g., which was warmly
received. He said that Canada contained both coal and gold, and
within the last few years remarkable discoveries had been made. In
Nova Scotia the coal area covered 635 square miles. In New Bruns
wick it was estimated that there were upwards of 150,000,000 tons of
coal; while in the north-west territory Dr. Dawson had arrived, after
careful investigation, at the fact that there were over 50,000 square
miles of coal-bearing strata. It was a remarkable fact that the Dominion
ad coal on the Atlantic and Pacific seaboards and in the interior—as if
nature had intended to supply it with the requisite material in the