Factory Records, Persia, Vol 23 [‎535r] (1080/1502)

Content

This volume contains letters sent to and from the East India Company Factory An East India Company trading post. at Bussora [Basra] between 22 November 1792 and 11 January 1799, and includes material relating to:

• The negotiations between the Factor, Harford Jones, and the Bacha of Bagdad [Pāshā of Baghdad, also spelt Bagdat in the correspondence], over the punishment of ‘certain offending Jews’ in Bussora
• The command of the Ottoman Emperor [Sultan Selim III] forbidding the appointment of Ottoman citizens as consuls or vice consuls to represent the interests of ‘foreign Christians', and likewise forbidding the latter from purchasing houses and land
• A consultation held by the Resident, Samuel Manesty and Jones, on relocating the Factory An East India Company trading post. to the town of Grain [Kuwait], and the notification, given by Manesty, to Soliman Bacha of Bagdad [Büyük Sulaymān Pāshā]
• The declaration of war by the French Republic against Britain and Holland, and the need to take measures against the increasing number of French cruisers in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran.
• The complaints of Manesty and Jones to the Governor-General of India, against Captain Guy Hamilton, Commander of the Begum Courteous or formal title for (usually Muslim) women of elite status, especially of Turko-Mongol lineage. Shaw [ Begum Courteous or formal title for (usually Muslim) women of elite status, especially of Turko-Mongol lineage. Shah], and its ostensible owner, Coja Moses Catcheek [Khwaja Moses Khachik] of Bengal, for proceeding to Bussora instead of carrying a packet to Bombay [Mumbai], and jeopardising the Company’s negotiations with the Bacha
• The proposals of the Governor-General of India, Sir Charles Cornwallis, and other counsellors at Fort William, toward resolving the dispute between the Resident and the Bacha
• The transactions between Manesty and Harford Jones and Captain Alexander Foggo, Commander of The Laurel , to deliver a packet from the Court of Directors The London-based directors of the East India Company who dealt with the daily conduct of the Company's affairs. to the Government of Bombay From c. 1668-1858, the East India Company’s administration in the city of Bombay [Mumbai] and western India. From 1858-1947, a subdivision of the British Raj. It was responsible for British relations with the Gulf and Red Sea regions.
• The Governor of Bushire [Bushehr], Shaik Nesr Khan’s [Shaikh Naṣr Khān I Āl Madhkūr] non-compliance with the decrees of Akaw Mahomed Khan [Āghā Muḥammad Khān Qājār]
• The Bacha’s disapproval of the decision to relocate the English Factory An East India Company trading post. to Grain, and demand that it be rectified by ‘immediately returning in compliance with my wishes to Bussora’
• The concerns of Manesty and Jones about the Bacha’s ‘false ideas’ being transmitted to the Ottoman Ministry and Sir Robert Ainslie, British Ambassador at Constantinople [Istanbul], and the departure of Jones from Grain on a mission to Aleppo and Constantinople
• The reduction by British forces of ‘all the French Establishments in India’
• The Bacha of Bagdad’s expression of willingness to ‘fulfil the Articles of the Arrangement’ with Jones, and his invitation to Manesty to return the Factory An East India Company trading post. to Bussora
• The abscondment of John Southall, acting officer on The Princess Royal, and Thomas Mascalls, gunner on The Antelope , and their ‘abjuration of the Christian Religion to embrace that of Mahomed [Muḥammad]’
• The survey of Grain Harbour and its entrance by Lieutenant William Maughan, and the suggestion by Manesty that surveying the ‘western side’ of the Gulf would allow packet ships to avoid the areas patrolled by French cruisers
• The delivery of two memorials by Jones to the Bacha, and his departure on not receiving an answer
• The refusal of the Governor of Bombay to sanction Jones’s mission to Constantinople
• The request of Soliman Bacha from the Grand Vizier and Reis Effendi to arrange the removal of Manesty and Jones from the Factory An East India Company trading post. through the intervention of the British Ambassador
• The victory of Vice Admiral Richard Howe over the French at the Fourth Battle of Ushant
• The resignation of Jones as Joint Factor and his departure for Bagdad, Constantinople and London
• A request from the Bacha to the Presidency The name given to each of the three divisions of the territory of the East India Company, and later the British Raj, on the Indian subcontinent. of Bombay for a consignment of gunpowder, the diversion of the consignment by the Resident to Grain, and the arrival of three of the Bacha’s vessels to take charge
• The arrest of Guglielmo Vicenzo Visetti, son of the Venetian Pro-Consul at Aleppo
• The communications of Jean-Francois Rousseau, the French Consul at Bagdad, with Pierre du Bruix, the French Resident at Surat
• The conquest of Holland by France and conclusion of peace with Prussia, Italy and Spain
• The outbreak of hostilities between Great Britain and the ‘late Republic of Holland’
• The return of Manesty on board a Turkish vessel and re-establishment of the Factory An East India Company trading post. at Bussora
• The embarkation of a French ‘Gentleman of Rank’, carrying packets from the French Commandant of the Mauritius or Tipoo Sultan [Tīpū Sulṭān, also written here as Tippoo Sahib], together with another Frenchman, Alexis Gain, on a dhow A term adopted by British officials to refer to local sailing vessels in the western Indian Ocean. belonging to Shaik Ibrahim Ibn Abdu Rasac [Shaikh Ibrāhīm Ibn ‘Abd al-Razzāq] of Jubarra [ Zubarah 18th-century town located 105 km from Doha. ?]
• A meeting between John Lewis Reinaud and the Mussaleem During the eighteenth century this was the third most powerful official in Ottoman Iraq (after the Pasha and the Kiya). The title was given specifically to the Governor of Basra. [ Mutasallim During the eighteenth century this was the third most powerful official in Ottoman Iraq (after the Pasha and the Kiya). The title was given specifically to the Governor of Basra. ] of Bussora, Abdullah Aga [‘Abd Allāh Āqā], and consultation with Shaik Ahmed Ibn Salama [Shaikh Aḥmad Ibn Salāma] on a plan to seize the French party’s letters
• The briefing, by Jones, of the British Ambassador at Constantinople, Sir Robert Liston, on the dispute between the Bacha and the Resident
• The determination of the Ottoman Government to restrict the trading privileges granted to the Christian powers of Europe ‘by the ignorance of former times’ within the narrowest possible bounds
• The arrival of a French Mauritian vessel of ‘considerable size and force’ at Muscat
• The preparation of an expedition against Trincamallee [Trincomalee] under Colonel James Stuart, and another against Malacca under Major Roberts, following the outbreak of war between Britain and Holland
• The flight of the eldest son of the Nizam of Hyderabad
• The British expeditions launched from Bengal against Batavia and from Bombay against Cochin [Kochi]
• The agreement made between Manesty and Shaik Ibrahim Ibn Gaunam [Shaikh Ibrāhim Ibn Ghānim] for Reinaud to board Shaikh Ibrāhim's dhow A term adopted by British officials to refer to local sailing vessels in the western Indian Ocean. to search and seize the papers of Monsieur Guirard
• The cultivation, by Manesty, of Shaik Abdullah Ibn Subbah [Shaikh ‘Abd Allāh Ibn Ṣabāh] of Grain to ‘cause obstruction to the Transmission’ of the public dispatches of the enemies of Great Britain
• The confiscation, by Reinaud, of a packet from Monsieur Guirard, containing a letter from the French Ambassador at Constantinople, [Claude-] Emile Gaudin, to Pierre du Bruix
• The replacement of Manesty and Jones by Nathan Crow and Peter Le Messurier
• The arrival of a squadron of French frigates under Commodore Renaud at the ‘Mouth of the Gulph’
• The proposal from Crow and Le Mesurier to institute a regular service of cruisers to Bussora
• The mission of Bruyere [Jean Guillaume Bruguière] and Olivier [Guillaume-Antoine Olivier] to Persia [Iran]
• The appointment of Abbé Beauchamp [Pierre-Joseph de Beauchamp] as French Consul General at Muscat
• A warning from the Governor of Bombay, Jonathan Duncan, to the Imaum [Imam of Muscat, Sulṭān bin Sa‘īd Āl Bū Sa‘īd] and the Calphaun [Sayyid Khalfān bin Muḥammad Āl Bū Sa‘īd, Walī of Muscat] ‘against giving shelter or preference’ to any European nation at war with Britain, and the need to prevent the French from establishing a presence at Muscat and reaching India and the Mauritius
• The return of one of the envoys of Tipoo Sultan from France
• The re-instalment of Manesty as Resident and departure of Crow and Le Messurier
• The declaration of war by Spain on Great Britain, and departure of a Dutch fleet for the ‘East Indies’
• The capture, by Admiral George Elphinstone, of a Dutch squadron under Admiral Engelbertus Lucas
• The replacement of the French Commander-in-Chief Villaret [Rear-Admiral Louis Thomas Villaret de Joyeuse] with ‘Monsieur Morard de Galls’ [Rear-Admiral Justin Bonaventure Morard de Galles]
• The ‘vast and dangerous’ French projects in the Mediterranean, and the active involvement of ‘Muradja the Swedish Minister at Constantinople’ [Ignatius Mouradgea d'Ohsson, Minister Plenipotentiary], in extending those projects to the Red Sea and the Gulf
• A plan by Monsieur Ohier [Louis Marie Joseph Ohier de Grandpre] to surprise the East India fleet
• The reported march of Akaw Mahomed Khan’s army from Corrasoon [Khurasan] to Tarum [Tarom]
• The mission of Beauchamp to build alliances with ‘native princes’ of Arabia, Persia, and India to disrupt British communications by ‘land and sea’, and to drive them completely out of their territories
• The plans of Monsieur Leger to engage Tippoo Sultan to commence hostilities against the Company
• The plan for Shaik Sultan of Muscat to obtain Bandar Bassi [Bandar ‘Abbas] from Aga Mahomed Khan of Persia to furnish the islands of Mauritius and Bourbon [Reunion] with provisions
• The war between Shaik Sultan and Shaik Suggir Ibn Raschid il Mutter of Raz il Khaima [Shaikh Ṣaqr bin Rāshid al-Maṭar of Ra’s al-Khaymah], Shaik of the Jausomee [Qāsīmī] Arabs and the danger to British vessels
• The capture by the French, under General Napoleon Bonaparte, of Malta and Alexandria
• The procurement of arms by Tipoo Sultan and the Mahrattas [Marathas] at Bagdad
• The victory of Admiral Horatio Nelson over the French fleet at the Battle of the Nile [Abu Qir Bay]
• The firman A Persian word meaning a royal order or decree issued by a sovereign, used notably in the Ottoman Empire (sometimes written ‘phirmaund’). to Eusuf Pasha An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders. [Yūsūf Pāshā], Governor of Medina, to allow British ships to cruise the Red Sea
• The reluctance of Jazzar Pashaw of Acra [Jazzār Aḥmad Pāshā of Acre], to march against Napoleon Bonaparte in Egypt, following the dismissal of Aptullah [‘Abd Allāh al-Azm] of Damascus.

Extent and format

1 volume (747 folios)

Arrangement

The volume is arranged chronologically, and folios are numbered from left to right

Physical characteristics

The foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 745; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is present in parallel between 261-745 and is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out. The foliation sequence does not include the front cover. The sequence contains one foliation anomaly, f 215a.

Written in

English in Latin script

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