"بعثة لإجراء عملية مسح لنهري دجلة والفرات، تم تنفيذها بأمر من الحكومة البريطانية، في السنوات ١٨٣٥، ١٨٣٦، ١٨٣٧؛ تسبقها إشعارات جغرافية وتاريخية للمناطق الواقعة بين نهري النيل والسند. في أربعة مجلّدات. مع أربع عشرة خريطة ورسمًا، ومزينة بثلاث عشرة لوحة، بالإضافة للعديد من الرسومات بالحفر على الخشب. المجلّد الأول." [‎١‎٣] (٩٠٥/٥٦)

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CHAPTER II.
general course of the tigris.
The two Sources of the River.—The Town of Diydr Bekr described.—Junction
of the two Branches near 'Osxndn Keiu.—The Bitlis Chai and Sert fall
into the Diydr Bekr branch near Til.—Brief description of Mdsul and
Nineveh.—The dykes of Nimrud and Ismael.—Ruins of Samarrah.—The
Median Wall described.—-State of the Tigris from Mdsul to Baghdad.—
The Diyalah River described.—Bifurcation of the Tigris at Kut el 'amarah.
—Probable Bed of the Chaldean Lake.
Although mucli has been done by D'Anville, Rennell, Rich,
and, more recently, by Ormsby, Lynch, Brant, and others,
in investigating the origin and course of the Tigris, there Numerous
still remains a vast field for research concerning this im- ot the
portant river and its tributaries : these last, within an equal
extent of territory, are probably more numerous than those
of any other river with which we are acquainted.
The Tigris has, in Central Armenia, two principal sources,
both of which spring from the southern slope of the Anti-
Taurus, near those of the Araxes and Euphrates, and not very
distant from that of the Halys. It was called Diglah by the
Chaldeans, and the designation applied to it in the Scriptures
is Hiddekel, a name which it bears at the present day among
a large portion of the people living near its banks. 1
The western branch rises at a spot which is about 20 miles The West#™
westward of Arghani Ma'den, and near 10 southward of the Hiddekel.
centre of the Ghuiljik lake: 2 its course is north-eastward
along the deep valley at the foot of the elevated ground of
Kizan ; 3 and, after having continued in the same direction
1 Viscount Pollington also found this name in use.—Vol. X. Part III,,
p. 449, of the Royal Geographical Journal. Pliny calls it Diglito, lib. VI., c. 27.
2 This has been ascertained in the recent Journey of James Brant, Esq.,
Her Majesty's Consul at Erz-Rum, accompanied by Mr. Glascott, R.N., and
Dr. Dickson,
8 4568 feet above the Black Sea.