"بعثة لإجراء عملية مسح لنهري دجلة والفرات، تم تنفيذها بأمر من الحكومة البريطانية، في السنوات ١٨٣٥، ١٨٣٦، ١٨٣٧؛ تسبقها إشعارات جغرافية وتاريخية للمناطق الواقعة بين نهري النيل والسند. في أربعة مجلّدات. مع أربع عشرة خريطة ورسمًا، ومزينة بثلاث عشرة لوحة، بالإضافة للعديد من الرسومات بالحفر على الخشب. المجلّد الأول." [‎١‎٢‎٠] (٩٠٥/١٧٣)

120
modern towns.
[chap. vi.
which are still called after Nimrud, 1 represent the great city
of Resen.
These sites partly determine the limits of ancient Assyria,
which, when independent of Babylon, was bounded on the
north by Mount Niphates and part of Armenia; on the east
by that part of Media which lies towards Mounts Chaboras
and Zagros; on the south by Susiana, as well as part of
Babylonia; and, finally, on the west by the river Tigris.
According to Ptolemy, Assyria Proper contained the pro
vinces of Calachene, Arapachites, Adiabene, Arbeletes, Apol-
loniatis, Sittacene, and Chalonitis; in which are the rivers
Tigris, Lycus, Caprius, and Gagus. 2
The chief towns were Nineveh, Mespilla, or Meso-pulai
(Mosul), Larissa (Resen), Arbela (Gobil), Dara (Dura),
Curcha (Kerkuk), Sammurra, Opis, Artemita, Halus, and Al-
batia. 3 In some instances, the ancient sites may still be
recognized, but by far the greater number are unknown; and
the cities of this once splendid empire are feebly represented
by the modern towns of Mosul, Se'rt, Amadiyah, (the town
of the Medes, 4 ) Bitlis, Van, Arbil, Suleimaniyah, Kerkuk,
Koi-Sanjak, Zakho, Rowanduz, and Julamerik.
K urdistan.
As it will be perceived, by a reference to the map, that the
the Carduchi. limits thus given comprise the greatest part of the territory
of the Kard, or Carduchi, 5 this seems to be an appropriate
place for noticing the present state of Kurdistan.
This extensive tract is divided into four districts, of which
the two first, Kirman-shah and Ardelan, will be elsewhere
noticed as a part of Persia. The third is composed of the
Turkish districts of Mush and Bitlis, west of lake Van; and
the fourth is the independent territory of the Tyari, Hakkari,
'and Berrawi tribes of Chaldeans, whose capital, Julamerik,
1 Rich's Kurdistdn, Vol. II., p. 130.
2 Ptolemy, lib. VI., c. i. 3 Ibid.
4 Mr. Ainsworth's Visit to the Chaldeans, Vol. XI. Part I., p. 31, of the
Jloyal Geographical Journal.
5 Expedition of Cyrus, lib, IV.
Limits of
Ancient
Assyria.