"بعثة لإجراء عملية مسح لنهري دجلة والفرات، تم تنفيذها بأمر من الحكومة البريطانية، في السنوات ١٨٣٥، ١٨٣٦، ١٨٣٧؛ تسبقها إشعارات جغرافية وتاريخية للمناطق الواقعة بين نهري النيل والسند. في أربعة مجلّدات. مع أربع عشرة خريطة ورسمًا، ومزينة بثلاث عشرة لوحة، بالإضافة للعديد من الرسومات بالحفر على الخشب. المجلّد الأول." [‎١‎٦‎٠] (٩٠٥/٢١٥)

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CHAPTER VIII.
afghanistan and baluchistan.
Separation from Persia. — Afghdn kingdom. — Description. — Turkistdn.—
Mountains of Afghanistan.—Rivers.—Herat.—The H^lmand.—Valley of
the Helmand.—Arachosia.—Kabul Proper.—City of Kabul.—Margiana.—
Leading features of Afghanistan.—Climate and Temperature.—Productions.
—Character of the People.—Domestic Government—Amusements.—Re
venue, and Method of Raising Troops.—Baluchistan.—Description.—
Mountains.—Rivers.— Exports. — Kach'h Ganddvah. — Kohistan. — Cli
mate, &c.
The three preceding chapters contain a description of the
territories occupied by Turkey and Russia towards the western
extremities of I'ran; and in the present will be given some
account of the regions which border that country towards
the east. These regions possess the highest interest for the
British public, in consequence of our recent operations west
ward of the Indus; and the following brief description of
them has been drawn up chiefly from the well-known works
of Elphinstone 1 and Pottinger. 2
The kingdom Afghanistan and Baluchistan became a separate kingdom
under Ahmed Khan, who, at the close of the bloody contests
which followed the death of Nadir Shah, was crowned at
Kandahar, in October, 1747; but, at a later period, his suc
cessor removed the seat of government to the present capital,
Kabul. 3
The former territory nearly represents the ancient Ariani,
1 An Account of the Kingdom of Kdbul, and its Dependencies in Persia,
Tartary, and India. By the Hon. Mountstewart Elphinstone. London, 1815.
2 Travels in Baluchistdn and Sinde, accompanied by a Geographical and
Historical Account of those Countries, with a Map. By Lieut. Henry Pottin
ger. Longman, Hurst, Rees, &c., London, 1816.
3 Elphinstone's Kabul, pp. 343 and 559.