"بعثة لإجراء عملية مسح لنهري دجلة والفرات، تم تنفيذها بأمر من الحكومة البريطانية، في السنوات ١٨٣٥، ١٨٣٦، ١٨٣٧؛ تسبقها إشعارات جغرافية وتاريخية للمناطق الواقعة بين نهري النيل والسند. في أربعة مجلّدات. مع أربع عشرة خريطة ورسمًا، ومزينة بثلاث عشرة لوحة، بالإضافة للعديد من الرسومات بالحفر على الخشب. المجلّد الأول." [‎٤‎٥‎٣] (٩٠٥/٥٣٨)

CHAP. XIX.]
JUBEIL.
453
well-built houses, prettily situated amidst luxuriant groves of
myrtle, 12 or 13 feet high, pomegranates, mulberry, and olive
trees. The place contains 150 Maronites, as many schismatic
Catholics, nearly 2000 Greeks and 3500 Muslims, or about
6000 inhabitants in all, under a Mutesellim, whose govern
ment includes the country southward to Jubeil, northward to
the foot of Mount Casius, and north-eastward by Candeleh to
the Orontes.
The sepulchral chambers at the northern extremity of the Remains at
bay, the remains of a triumphal arch and Corinthian temple, Ladibyeh "
together with those of an aqueduct and other ruins around,
show that Laodicea-ad-Mare was much more extensive than
the present town, although, owing to its connexion with
Aleppo, it is still one of the most important scales 1 in the
Levant.
The districts in this part of the country with which we Districts of
r . ! 1 r 1 El Fetuh and
have of late become better acquainted than we formerly were, j u beii.
are more numerous to the south and south-east of Tripoli.
Beyond Nahr Ibrahim, in the former direction, is that of
El Fetuh, containing the small town and half-ruined port of
Meinet Bordja, to which salt and wheat are brought from
Cyprus. The district extends eastward along the Kesruan;
and to the northward, also along the coast, is that of Jubeil.
The latter has a ruined port, and a pretty but small Maronite
town of the same name, surrounded by fruit trees and vine
yards. 2 Jube'il is enclosed by a wall of about a mile and a Townof Jubeii.
half in circumference, with square towers at intervals,
apparently of the time of the Crusades; it contains a castle
and a bridge, and around are some ruined columns with other
remains of the Gebal of the children of Ammon, 3 which
supplied caulkers for the fleets of Tyre, 4 and at a later period
was called Byblus. 5 Owing to the treachery of Raymond,
1 Scala, or Rada, from the Arabic Kalla (port).-Volney's Travels in Syria,
2 ' Edrisi, p P 356, tome V., Recueil de Voyages et Memoires; Pans, 1840.
8 Joshua, chap. XIIL, v. 5 ; 1 Kings, chap. V., v. 32.
♦ Calmet's Dictionary of the Bible; and Ezekiel, chap. XXVIL, v. y.
s Burckhardt's Syria, p. 179.