"بعثة لإجراء عملية مسح لنهري دجلة والفرات، تم تنفيذها بأمر من الحكومة البريطانية، في السنوات ١٨٣٥، ١٨٣٦، ١٨٣٧؛ تسبقها إشعارات جغرافية وتاريخية للمناطق الواقعة بين نهري النيل والسند. في أربعة مجلّدات. مع أربع عشرة خريطة ورسمًا، ومزينة بثلاث عشرة لوحة، بالإضافة للعديد من الرسومات بالحفر على الخشب. المجلّد الأول." [‎٤‎٦‎١] (٩٠٥/٥٤٦)

chap. xix.]
pashIxik of saide.
461
seat of one of tlie nine sovereignties which existed at the time
of its conquest by Cyrus the Great; and here were instituted 1
the first sacrifices and immolations to Jupiter. The island Cypnw pos-
long remained subject to the Persians; but, alter the death of Persians, y &c.
Alexander, Cyprus fell to Antigonus, who was subsequently
deprived of it by Ptolemy, and it continued to belong to
Egypt till it was seized by the Romans. It afterwards formed
part of the Eastern Empire, to which it remained subject till
it was taken, in the year 650, by the Saracens, under Moa-
wiyah Ebn Abu Sosian. Subsequently it reverted to the
Greek Emperors, and was governed as a separate principality
by one of the Comneni till 1191. In that year, on a supposed
affront, Richard Cceur de Lion seized the island, which he
first sold to the Templars, and afterwards transferred, with
little ceremony, to the Lusignans, by whom it was retained
nearly three centuries. In consequence of a marriage, it sub
sequently came to the Venetians, with whom it remained till
1570, since which period it has belonged to the Turks.
The Pashalik of Sai'de, or Akka Proper, is situated between Limits of Saide,
the preceding Pashalik and those of Damascus and Gaza; 01
having within its limits at the northern extremity the Kesruan,
which formerly belonged to Tripoli. A line running from
the bay of Jumi north-eastward along the latter as far as the
eastern slope of the Lebanon, and a little north of Baalbek,
separates the district from that of TaraboMs, from which latter
it extends southward to Kaisariyeh: its southern limit extends
eastward from the Mediterranean to the Anti-Lebanon, and to
the great depression of Lake Tiberias. The tract adjoining
the latter portion of the district has already been described
and the remainder, which extends westward to the shores of
the Mediterranean, is divided by the river Kasmieh (Leontes)
into two nearly equal portions, which, however, present a
marked contrast to each other; the territory to the northward
of the river just mentioned, representing the greater part of
Upper Galilee, is furrowed with gorges, ravines and cultivated
valleys, whilst the territory on the southward side, or the
1 Lactantius, lib. I., c. xxi.
' See above, page 401.