"بعثة لإجراء عملية مسح لنهري دجلة والفرات، تم تنفيذها بأمر من الحكومة البريطانية، في السنوات ١٨٣٥، ١٨٣٦، ١٨٣٧؛ تسبقها إشعارات جغرافية وتاريخية للمناطق الواقعة بين نهري النيل والسند. في أربعة مجلّدات. مع أربع عشرة خريطة ورسمًا، ومزينة بثلاث عشرة لوحة، بالإضافة للعديد من الرسومات بالحفر على الخشب. المجلّد الأول." [‎٥‎٨‎٥] (٩٠٥/٦٧٦)

CHAP. XXII.]
THE HORSE.
585
of the chest. Captain Sadleir speaks of the employment o f the The camel used
camel at Remah in Nedjd, in drawing water from deep wells ; for drau 8 ht -
and the guns of the Pasha were drawn by camels from the
shores of the Red Sea, to Der'ayyah, when that place was
besieged. 1 Lieutenant Wellsted also mentions their being used
in 'Oman for the former purpose. 2 Camels are occasionally
put to the plough in Afghanistan, and they sometimes work
the water-pulleys on the borders of Arabia. We applied, as
an experiment, six camels to one of the heavy carriages of the
Expedition, and they appeared to answer the purpose.
Next, in point of utility, but first in estimation, is the horse, Description of
an animal displaying those qualities which might be expected horse™ ian
from him in his original country. Elsewhere, individuals of
this species may be more showy, and even more powerful, but
it is only in Arabia that the horse is found in a state border
ing on perfection. Here he is remarkable for a small head
with pointed ears, peculiarly clean muscular limbs, a corre
sponding deliate slender shape, rather small size, and large
animated eyes, expressing that intelligence which, as in the
dog, is the consequence of being constantly with the members
of his master's family; in fact, he generally shares their
meals. He is frequently allowed to frolic through the camp
like a dog, and at other times he is piqueted at the entrance
of the tent; he is exposed to the weather at all times, and
compared with the treatment of his species in Europe, he is
scantily fed. A meal after sunset, consisting of barley, in
some parts of the country, and camel's milk in others, or a
paste of dates and water, which in Nedjd is mixed with dried
clover and other herbs, constitutes his usual sustenance ; but
on any extraordinary exertion being required, flesh is fre
quently given, either raw or boiled.
The Bedawins count five noble breeds of horses, all, it is Fi^nobie
understood, derived originally from Nedjd, viz., the taneyse,
the manekeye, the koheyl or koklani, the saklawye, and the
julfa; of which the last and the koklani are particularly
prized. The julfa, a small active animal, capable of enduring
1 See Transactions of the Bombay Literary Society, vol. III., p. 469.
2 Travels in 'Omdn, &c., vol. I., p. 437.