"بعثة لإجراء عملية مسح لنهري دجلة والفرات، تم تنفيذها بأمر من الحكومة البريطانية، في السنوات ١٨٣٥، ١٨٣٦، ١٨٣٧؛ تسبقها إشعارات جغرافية وتاريخية للمناطق الواقعة بين نهري النيل والسند. في أربعة مجلّدات. مع أربع عشرة خريطة ورسمًا، ومزينة بثلاث عشرة لوحة، بالإضافة للعديد من الرسومات بالحفر على الخشب. المجلّد الأول." [‎٦‎٥‎٩] (٩٠٥/٧٥٨)

CHAP. XXV.]
THE ANCIENT TRIBES.
659
According to the Arabian historians, 'Ad, king of Yemen, Ancient
led the .greater part of the giant (powerful) race of Ham into
Africa, and made a settlement along the Nile ; and it is stated Africa -
in the history of Arabia, written by King Juba, about thirty
years before Christ, that the people living between Meroe
and Syene, were not originally Ethiopians, but Arabs of the
first or Cushite branches. 1 To these branches belonged the
Tasim and Jadis (in Bahrein), the Adites (in Yemen, and
part of Arabia Petrsea), the Thamoudites, the Amalekites, the
Jorhamites, the Obailites (Abil or 'Obail), the Bern Abd
Dhakhan, and the Omayyim or Omaim. 2 These were the
Arab el Ariba, the pure Arabs, or Arabs by excellence (Kou-
lass), who are now extinct, with the exception of some traces
of the Amalekites (Imlik or Amlik), and the Adites, who are
disseminated amongst the modern tribes.
Besides the preceding tribes, there were on the border of
Syria, the Casluhim, the Capthorim, the Horim, the Rephaim.
the Emim, Zuzim, and Zamzummim, 3 all branches of the
Canaanites, many of which have disappeared; but, according
to the historians of the country, the Berbers of the present
day are descendants of Ham through those branches.
In the Appendix to this volume are given three tables, exhi
biting the three great branches of the Arab family. The first
contains the descendants of Ham; the second, those of Shem;
and the third the mixed race, or that which descends from
Ishmael; and there are added a series of tables exhibiting the
names of the modern tribes with their numerical strengths.
The history of the country is almost entirely confined to The descend-
that of the second and third branches of the people; who,
and Ishmael
having never been conquered, have remained free from admix- ^epSsuia.
ture with any foreign race. In general they have confined
themselves within the limits of the peninsula; the Tobbai,
however, during the period of their greatest prosperity, carried
their arms to central Asia, and, at a later period, religious
enthusiasm enabled the Muslim Arabs to subdue a consider-
1 Sharpe's Early History of Egypt, p. 96.
8 Arabic MS. in the British Museum, 7357.
3 Gen., chap. XIV., v. 5; Deut, chap. II., v. 10 and 11.
4 P 2