"دليل بلاد فارس. مجلد II" [و‎‎١‎٦‎٨] (٧٠٦/٣٤٠)

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beyond it being reckoned as Pa Tak. Bishewa formerly ran up to the foot of
the hills joining Kuh-i-Enzal and Nuakhk in the basin south-east of Pa Tak.
— (Soane, 1912).
KHOGAN— ■
A village of 150 houses, 550 people, 38 miles from Sultanabad on the
road to Kashan. There are 30 pairs of oxen for _the plough ; 39,000 lbs.
of grain are sown yearly ; taxes amount to 300 tumdns and 20 khanvdrs
of grain.
There are 30 carpet looms here. (Preece, 1893.)
KHOl—(Russian ‘‘Hoi”) Lat. 31° 27 '; Long. 45° 15 .
Khoi, 91 miles from Tabriz and 95| from Kizil Dizeh, on the Trebizond
road, is a walled town, a quadrilateral with faces of from 1,110 to 1,200
yards in length of bastioned trace. The bastions are small circular towers
placed about every 80 yards apart, some large enough to hold one gun,
and to give some flanking fire on to the main ditch. The curtain is in the
form of a mud wall, 24' high. The interior wall is built up vertically from
the ground level to within 8 ' of the top of the parapet, so as to form a road
way, 6 ' wide, and which is in many parts paved with burnt bricks. The
parapet is loopholed to give direct fire on to the ditch. The exterior of the
parapet slopes directly to the main ditch at a very steep angle. The ditch
is 50' broad, and gives out on an outer line of defence, of the ordinary field
work description, massive and broad, with a good command. Small rave
lins are thrown out at every 170 or 180 yards. The second ditch is about
40' broad, 15' deep, the escarp and counterscarp being at sharp angles. The
parapets and ditches are in a very fair state of preservation, and would
require little work to be placed in good order.
The walled town contains but a small portion of the population ; out
side, on the west, the suburbs extend for miles. On the south and east
small quarters have also been established, so that the number of houses
cannot be short of 12,000 (4,000 in the town itself). At 5 souls per house
this would give a population of 60,000. Five gates open on to the town,
access to which is reached by .neat wooden bridges over the ditches.
They go by the name of the Chors (northside), the Mahalleh and Shawana
(west side), Khiaban (south side) and Sharun (east side). All are supposed
to be closed shortly after sunset. The Ark, a Urge walled enclosure, situat
ed in a well-watered pretty garden, contains various official residences,
the arsenal, etc. Water seems to be plentiful, and has been added to by
canals from the Kotur Chai. The streets are broad and often shaded with
trees. The central bazaar is covered with a brick vaulted roof; business
was very brisk. English and Russian goods divide the market, the latter
predominating. In respect to its buildings, streets and cleanliness, Kh5i
compares more than favourably with Tehran or Tabriz. There is a Persian
Government Telegraph Office.
The greater mass of the population are Turks, but the Armenians still
Population. retain some position in town and country.
The Armenian quarter outside the town numbers 500 houses, with a
fine old church, said to be 1,000 years old ; old churches, graveyards and