"بعثة لإجراء عملية مسح لنهري دجلة والفرات، تم تنفيذها بأمر من الحكومة البريطانية، في السنوات ١٨٣٥، ١٨٣٦، ١٨٣٧؛ تسبقها إشعارات جغرافية وتاريخية للمناطق الواقعة بين نهري النيل والسند. في أربعة مجلّدات. مع أربع عشرة خريطة ورسمًا، ومزينة بثلاث عشرة لوحة، بالإضافة للعديد من الرسومات بالحفر على الخشب. المجلّد الأول." [‎٤‎٢‎٤] (٩٠٥/٥٠٥)

424
ANCIENT ANTIOCH.
[CHAP. XVIII.
Khan Kara-
moot. '
ei hammam. Hammam; and 10 miles onward in the same direction, the
Gdl Bashi river and marsh are crossed by a bridge and
causeway of 17 arches, 1 which were constructed at Murad
Pasha by a vezir of that name, in order that the road might
be open during the rainy season, not only from Aleppo to
Iskenderun, but also round the Aga Denghiz to Antioch.
The Amanus rises abruptly from the western shore of the
Aga Denghiz, leaving in certain places only a very narrow
strip. Nearly midway between Murad Pasha and Antioch,
Khan Karamoot is situated in a strong defile, which is
commanded by Kal'-at-Pagras, the strong-hold where the
celebrated chieftain Kuchuk Ali was for some time enabled to
defy the power of the Sultan ; his supplies being obtained by
contributions levied on the passing caravans.
Near the opposite side of the great lake are the Kurdish
villages occupying the crests of the hills which enclose the
Kizil Chai, Chateli Chai", the Kara Su, and the other affluents
of the Orontes, already noticed; by these the western side of
the pashalik, northward of Antioch, is amply watered.
Scarcely a vestige remains of that portion of ancient
Antioch which, according to Pliny, 2 must have occupied the
northern banks of the Orontes. 3 Walls and square towers
of surprising solidity 4 encircled the residence of the Syrian
monarchs, the seat of pleasure, the centre of extensive com
merce, and the third city of the habitable earth. 5 The south
ern portion of Riblatha, 6 or Hamath the Great, 6 occupied a
singular and most striking position. This part of the city
was bounded on the south-east by a high range of rocky hills,
and on the opposite or north-western side, by the valley of the
Orontes; whilst deep precipitous valleys formed its north
eastern and south-western limits. The walls have a circum
ference of nearly seven miles, and form an irregular parallel-
Kurdish
villages.
Southern part
of ancient
Antioch.
1 See Plate LXXV., vol. iv.
2 Antioch, near Daphne, which is traversed by the Orontes.—Lib. V., cap.
c.
Jaubert's Edrisi, tome VI., p. 131.—Recueil de Voyages et de M(5moires.
4 Jos. Wars, lib. III., s. 4. « Boch. Preef., 41.
6 Calmet's Diet, of the Bible.-