"بعثة لإجراء عملية مسح لنهري دجلة والفرات، تم تنفيذها بأمر من الحكومة البريطانية، في السنوات ١٨٣٥، ١٨٣٦، ١٨٣٧؛ تسبقها إشعارات جغرافية وتاريخية للمناطق الواقعة بين نهري النيل والسند. في أربعة مجلّدات. مع أربع عشرة خريطة ورسمًا، ومزينة بثلاث عشرة لوحة، بالإضافة للعديد من الرسومات بالحفر على الخشب. المجلّد الأول." [‎٤‎٨‎٦] (٩٠٥/٥٧٣)

( 486 )
CHAPTER XX.
THE piSHALIKS OF GAZA AND DAMASCUS.
Surface of Gaza.—Rivers and Mountains.—Towns of Jenln, Samaria, and
Ndbulus.—Ebal and Gerizim.—Towns of JaffU, Lydda, Ramleh, Askulan,
Gaza, Hebron, and Bethlehem.—Cisterns of Solomon.—Jerusalem—Surface
of Damascus.—Mountains.—Abana and Pharpar.—Districts of Ez Szaffa,
El Lowa, the Ledja, &c.—Ezra, Salem, Nejran, Medjedel, and Shaara.
jebel Haouran. — Soueida. — Zaele — Kanouat. — Shohba. — Plain of the
Haouran.—Es Szanamein, El Mezareib, Remtha, Zerka, and the Decapolis.
—El Kura, Gadara, Ajlun, and Jerash.—Peraea Proper.—River Arnon.
—Orn El Rassass, Madeba, Keshan, Zey, El Belka, Szalt, Jebel Jel'dd.—
Ammon.—Kerak .—Moab.— Palmyra.—Damascus.
LimitsofGaza. I n 1830, the country lying southward of the preceding dis
trict was annexed to the latter; and thus, by including
Philistia, the limits of 'Akka were extended to .the borders
of Egypt. The southern territory had before formed a dis
trict which usually was independent of the other Pashaliks.
in addition to the Mutesellimlik of El-Kuds, it contained the
Melkana or appanages of Yafa, Ludd, and Ghuzzeh, or Gaza ;
and its limits included the kingdoms of Samaria and Judea.
Gaza touches the district of Akka a few miles southward of
Kaiseriyeh ; having the Mediterranean on the west, the
valley of the Jordan and of the Dead Sea on the east, and
Arabia Petrsea on the south in about 30 24', N. Lat.; from
whence the line runs northward along the territory of Egypt
to the well of Kafa on the Mediterranean shore. At this
spot, which is six hours' distance south of Gaza, are the re
mains of ancient Raphia, 1 the last town of Syria, where two
granite columns yet standing are supposed by the natives to
mark the division between Africa and Asia. 2
1 Polybius, lib. V., c. viii.
s Preface by Col. Leake to Burckhardt's Travels, p. viii.