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'File 9/4 Bahrain Reforms. Introduction of Reforms in Bahrain' [60r] (136/224)
The record is made up of 1 volume (98 folios). It was created in 30 Dec 1921-27 Jul 1924. It was written in English. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .
Transcription
This transcription is created automatically. It may contain errors.
Qi
Since I came back from leave in October I have made proposals for a
force of levies or Military Police to be established at Bahrein on the same
lines as has bpen established at Muscat and I hope something of the sort will
be approved. Eut a force of this sort even if sanctioned cannot be improvised
in a day.
Therefore I recommend you to possess your souls in patience in the
hope that matters will be improved before long, and to refrain from writing
petitions in the strain of the last part of your petition of the 5th Jamadi
which is calculated to alienate the sympathies of your well wishers and
antagonize others.
Letter from Major C. K. Daly,
Political Agent
A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency.
, Bahrein, to
Lietjtbnant-Colonel A. P. Trevor, C.S.I., C.I.E., Hesident in the
Persian Gulf
The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran.
, No. 13-0., dated the 13th January 1924 (Confi
dential).
Outrage in Sitrah.
I have the honour to forward a petition presented to me by representa
tives of the Baharneh Community who desired me to forward it to you.
Durino' the past nine months five armed attacks by Sunms on Shiahs
have occurred resulting in about twelve deaths and a ^mberofsenous
iniuries. This does not include the deaths during the Manameh not in May
last.
You will remember that for the attack on 'Ali the Sheikh inflicted a light
monetary fine on the leader of the Uowasir, who was responsible.
Shortlv after an 'Alim and another person were murdered Por this
crime nobody was apprehended, although it is heyond doubt that the Dowasir
were the offenders. . , , .
As a result of the previous attack on Sitrah, the Sheikh, much against his
symjrathles^ sentenced one son of Sheikh Khalid to deportation for life, and
another for deportation for one year to the mainland. _ .
It is evident that such light punishment for so serious a crime has
encouraged the perpetration of this further outrage. .
The first deportee is detained in India at the expense ot the Bahrein
Government, and is probably in greater C0 ™ f ° rt ^ n P^ e 10 ^ S ai Xnd which is
The other went, with some foUo^ors. to * plac^on ^^y ^ ^ ^
within four hours of Bahrein, 0 w t0 have escaped all punish-
hawking expeditions, lie may b « ^ the 4 en t outrage.
ment. From this place ^ returned and took part in tne^^ ^
Sheikh Khalid and his son Ibrahim ^ ^ son| although he
kn'ows he waTseSef to "eportltion for life and has been absent only a few
^ stikh Hamad is due
take any action m the piesent aware of the necessity of doing
putting a stop to these outrages. agonal safety, and is afraid that if he
so, but I am convinced he fears to death for murder, he would start a
sentenced any member of his fam y . . ^ ^ 0 means improbable,
blood feud among Al Khahfah which ^s m t f ? his
although I think it highiy unUk ^\ ' S S i ieik h Isa and his wife and
family, who are constantly set agains , / displeased with his efforts to
Sheikh Abdulla. They are also of his position
curtail the constant oppression o had ^e courage to assert himself, all such
are very apparent, still, I think, if he oth g r ^d, the difficulties of
opposition would quickly to ^ us tify our countenancing continued
Hamad's position does not seem to Hi s difficulties are largely the result of
inability to deal justly with bis Majesty's 'Government,
his endeavours to carry out the reforms des ^ y gaine timei any
which he is without doubt endeavouring to ao.
«i i
About this item
- Content
The volume contains printed copies of Government of India confidential correspondence, relating to the Bahrain reforms. The majority of the letters contained in volume are printed copies of correspondence originally sent to the Government of India either by the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. (Lieutenant-Colonel Arthur Trevor or Acting Resident Lieutenant-Colonel Stuart Knox), or the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. at Bahrain (Major Clive Daly). Much of the correspondence featured in the volume can be found in the original (or as office copies) in a number of files in the two Bahrain Agency An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, headed by an agent. subsubseries ‘File 9 Bahrain Reforms’ (IOR/R/15/2/127-138) and ‘File 8 Miscellaneous’ (IOR/R/15/2/121-126), and the Bushire Residency An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, established in the provinces and regions considered part of, or under the influence of, British India. subsubseries ‘File 19 Bahrain’ (IOR/R/15/1/314-77).
The printed correspondence contained in the volume covers a range of subjects:
- Events leading up to the programme of reforms carried out in Bahrain: allegations of the oppression of Bahraini subjects by members of the Āl Khalīfah family, violence, the deteriorating economic situation;
- The reforms proposed and implemented by British officials: replacement of Shaikh ‘Īsá by Shaikh Ḥamad as defacto ruler, economic reforms, judicial reforms, pearl diving industry reforms, customs house reforms;
- Specific incidents of violence involving Sunnis and Shias, or Najdis and Persians.
Some of the papers in the volume are accompanied by duplicate copies:
- Folios 61-64 are duplicates of folios 57-60;
- Folios 68-69 are duplicates of folios 66-67;
- Folios 81-84 are duplicates of folios 77-80.
- Extent and format
- 1 volume (98 folios)
- Arrangement
The volume's contents are arranged in approximate chronological order, starting with the earliest items at the front and finishing with the latest items at the end.
- Physical characteristics
Foliation: The volume is foliated from the front cover to the inside back cover, using uncircled pencil numbers in the top-right corner of each recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. . Most of the items in the volume are printed items that have their own internal pagination systems, using printed numbers in the top-right corners of recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. pages and the top-left corners of verso The back of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'v'. pages, or centred at the top of both verso The back of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'v'. and recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. pages. The following foliation anomalies occur: 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f.
- Written in
- English in Latin script View the complete information for this record
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Copyright: How to use this content
- Reference
- IOR/R/15/2/131
- Title
- 'File 9/4 Bahrain Reforms. Introduction of Reforms in Bahrain'
- Pages
- front, back, spine, edge, head, tail, front-i, 1ar:1fv, 2r:15r, 17v:18v, 21r:42v, 44v:46v, 47v:71v, 73r:74v, 75v:79r, 80v:83r, 84v:91r, 92v:93r, 94v:103v, back-i
- Author
- East India Company, the Board of Control, the India Office, or other British Government Department
- Usage terms
- Open Government Licence