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'File 9/4 Bahrain Reforms. Introduction of Reforms in Bahrain' [88r] (192/224)
The record is made up of 1 volume (98 folios). It was created in 30 Dec 1921-27 Jul 1924. It was written in English. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .
Transcription
This transcription is created automatically. It may contain errors.
troops are now confronting one another and concentrated at Shaqra. Gharif,
Ghatghat, Hail, Qiseem, Kharmah, Turbah, Ranyah, Bishah, Theniyeh,
XilJaiah, Khathaam, Bani Shahr, Aseer, Ghamah, district of Zahran, district
of Bani Malik, district of Rafaah, district of Bani Abdullah, district of
Baqum, district of Sabeea, district of Hadhil, district of Harith, district of
'Atibah! district of Bani Dhibyan, district of Biljarshi, at Tihamah, district
of Bin Muwala, district of Hajl-al-Makki, district of Faihan Al-Muwainaa,
valley of Al-Lahyan, Hadhn east of Al-Tayif, and the remainder of the
Ikhwans are with us at Ryadh, may God grant them victory.
This is an account of the rulers and the distribution of troops, but as
regards peace no one has come to us for that, but they want war so that one
may either become victorious or defeated, and God willing we shall be victo
rious over all of our enemies and the tyrannical races. Amen.
We have sent our representative to you, asking for the conclusion of a
treaty between us and for assistance from you to us and to let us know what
news you have and whom of the rulers, Turks or Arabs, you are assisting.
And whom you support and whom you would leave alone now-a-days? We
now need your answer. The desideratum is the conclusion of a treaty between
us and you, and God is a witness to the same. Our desire is for vou to
discontinue the assistance you are rendering to the ruler of Mecca, as he is
now an enemy to the Ikhwans, and also to cut off the help which you give to
the Imam ruler of Sanaa, and after this we are prepared to accept what yon
like to have in return from us and what you need, and God is a witness to the
truth of our statement. I urge you by God that if you are a friend of him
who is your friend, then cut off your help to the Imam ruler of Sanaa,
as he is now an enemy to us and we are now advancing to fight him, and then
afterwards we shall possess up to the sea by the medium of God s power.
And we shall compensate you with what you demand and your need shall be
fulfilled by us. This was what we had to tell you, and an answer to which we
need from you, and God is a witness to our statement.
Dated 24th Jamad-al-Ukhra 1342, 31-1-1924. The number of the
Ikhwans is 1,18,064.
Signed and sealed : —
Al-Imam Abdul Aziz bin Abdul Rahman bin Saood.
AI-Amir Khalid bin Lowee.
Al-Amir Jemah bin Ali.
; Al-Amir Sultan bin Bijad.
Signed with thumb impression ;
Al-Amir Jemal Al-Makki.
Al-Amir Faihan Al-Mouainaa.
Al-Amir Abdul Aziz bin Rewaf.
Sub. Enclo. 11 of Serial No. 270.- L etter from the
B ahrain, to the P olitical R esident in the P ersian G ulf , N o . 125/
1/3 dated 24 th M ay 1924. (C onfidential).
I have the honour to acknowledge your No. 278-S, I have ^e ^oeu-
ment sent therewith with great interest. It is so "u<te and .^' rd
have no hesitation in venturing the opinion that t e i ocu disclaim
from Bin Saud, or at least it is so devised that ^ cou d w^th ^se toclaun
knowledge of it. On the other hand it fits in so we , • i '
i .h"»iT". &
I believe he would have attacked the Hedjaz on g wal it to lose
About this item
- Content
The volume contains printed copies of Government of India confidential correspondence, relating to the Bahrain reforms. The majority of the letters contained in volume are printed copies of correspondence originally sent to the Government of India either by the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. (Lieutenant-Colonel Arthur Trevor or Acting Resident Lieutenant-Colonel Stuart Knox), or the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. at Bahrain (Major Clive Daly). Much of the correspondence featured in the volume can be found in the original (or as office copies) in a number of files in the two Bahrain Agency An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, headed by an agent. subsubseries ‘File 9 Bahrain Reforms’ (IOR/R/15/2/127-138) and ‘File 8 Miscellaneous’ (IOR/R/15/2/121-126), and the Bushire Residency An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, established in the provinces and regions considered part of, or under the influence of, British India. subsubseries ‘File 19 Bahrain’ (IOR/R/15/1/314-77).
The printed correspondence contained in the volume covers a range of subjects:
- Events leading up to the programme of reforms carried out in Bahrain: allegations of the oppression of Bahraini subjects by members of the Āl Khalīfah family, violence, the deteriorating economic situation;
- The reforms proposed and implemented by British officials: replacement of Shaikh ‘Īsá by Shaikh Ḥamad as defacto ruler, economic reforms, judicial reforms, pearl diving industry reforms, customs house reforms;
- Specific incidents of violence involving Sunnis and Shias, or Najdis and Persians.
Some of the papers in the volume are accompanied by duplicate copies:
- Folios 61-64 are duplicates of folios 57-60;
- Folios 68-69 are duplicates of folios 66-67;
- Folios 81-84 are duplicates of folios 77-80.
- Extent and format
- 1 volume (98 folios)
- Arrangement
The volume's contents are arranged in approximate chronological order, starting with the earliest items at the front and finishing with the latest items at the end.
- Physical characteristics
Foliation: The volume is foliated from the front cover to the inside back cover, using uncircled pencil numbers in the top-right corner of each recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. . Most of the items in the volume are printed items that have their own internal pagination systems, using printed numbers in the top-right corners of recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. pages and the top-left corners of verso The back of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'v'. pages, or centred at the top of both verso The back of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'v'. and recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. pages. The following foliation anomalies occur: 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f.
- Written in
- English in Latin script View the complete information for this record
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'File 9/4 Bahrain Reforms. Introduction of Reforms in Bahrain' [88r] (192/224), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/R/15/2/131, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100023403812.0x0000c1> [accessed 27 April 2024]
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Copyright: How to use this content
- Reference
- IOR/R/15/2/131
- Title
- 'File 9/4 Bahrain Reforms. Introduction of Reforms in Bahrain'
- Pages
- front, back, spine, edge, head, tail, front-i, 1ar:1fv, 2r:15r, 17v:18v, 21r:42v, 44v:46v, 47v:71v, 73r:74v, 75v:79r, 80v:83r, 84v:91r, 92v:93r, 94v:103v, back-i
- Author
- East India Company, the Board of Control, the India Office, or other British Government Department
- Usage terms
- Open Government Licence