'Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf. Vol I. Historical. Part II. J G Lorimer. 1915' [2223] (740/1262)
The record is made up of 1 volume (1165 pages). It was created in 1915. It was written in English and Arabic. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .
Transcription
This transcription is created automatically. It may contain errors.
2228
Qaie about Chiru, at the islands of Das, Qarnain and Zirko, and
ogtie coast of Euus-al-Jibal between Ras-al-Khaimah and Ghnbbat
Grhazirah; in its habitat the Sadaifiyah resembles the Zanniyah, for it
.frequents hard muddy or shelly bottoms in the same depth of water.
The SadaiHyah does not often yield pearls, but those which it produces
are ordinarily large and of fine quality.
The laws which govern the growth of the oyster and the fluctuation Growth and
of oyster colonies in the
Persian Gulf
The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran.
are by no means ascertained and ▼ariation of
the causes in accordance with which the yield of pearls varies from Ilum ^ er6,
season to season have not been investigated there as they have been in
Ceylon.
It is believed that the Mahharah increases steadily in horizontal
diameter until the end of the second year, when it measures about 2
inches, and that thereafter the rate of its growth diminishes; if
1 The^following facts in relation to the Ceylon pearl oyster, nearly all taken from
Profesfior W. A. Herdman's Report on the Pearl Oyster Fisheries of the Gulf of
Mmar, 1903-06, may be of interest to the general reader; it is, of course, uncertain
how far they hold good of the pearl oyster of the
Persian Gulf
The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran.
.
The pearl oyster is not hermaphroditic, and the sex of the individual, whether
male or female, is permanently the same. The number of males and females is
approximately equal, but there may be a slight preponderance of males. The oyster
is gregarious without {distinction of sex, and reproduction takes place by the emission
of the generative products of male and female into the surrounding water where they
commingle. Midsummer and midwinter are principal breeding seasons.
Larval development takes place in the surface waters. The young oyster exists at
first in a free-swimming condition, which may cease within 5 days of fertilisation of
the eeg, but is capable, it is believed, of being considerably prolonged ; during this
period the rudiments of a shell are acquired.
The next stage is that of " spat attached as a rule to Algae, either rooted or
floating, or to Zoophytes' but the animal, though now capable of 6xing itself, is
highly locomotive and can creep as much as an inch in a minute. This it does
generally in an upward direction, probably from an instinct of avoiding sand ; nor is
it, like the adult oyster, deterred from movement by light. The maximum diameter
of the oygter may increase during the " spat " stage from *4 of a millimetre to 1*5
millimetreg and upwards.
The rate of growth of the animal during the first and second years of its life is
shown to be rapid. In the third year growth becomes much slower, and in the fourth
year still more slow ; but the thickness and weight of the shell continue to increase
greatly even after the external measurements have become almost stationary. The
oyster may be considered mature in its fourth year, when its diameter measured at
r jht angles to the hinge line is about 3^ inches ; it is at its best however in its
mth; and it seldom, apparently, survives its sixth year.
The food of the oyster consists of microscopic organisms, both animal and vege
table; but, while silt, etc., is rejected after being formed into a small pellet, minute
grains of sand and other non-nutritious particles are sometimes swallowed. The natural
position of the oyster is with the right or less convex valve underneath and with the
posterior edge of the shell elevated at an angle of about 20 degrees ; when undis-
turbed it holds its shell slightly open with the lips about one'third of an inch apart,
f* placed with the under side uppermost the oyster turns itself over by a violent
jerk from a retractile sucker or " foot" which it is able to protrude from its shell to
ae ma oh as 2^ inches. By means of this "foot " the oyster is also able to travel,
wgh slowly, from one place to another ; while the " footis being advanced^ the
ves 0 f the shell are held widely open, and when it is retracted they are closed with a
BD ap, a manoeuvre which aids considerably in the forward movement. An oyster has
^ known to progress 27 inches in this manner in 12 hours. The first care of the
TOr when it has attained a suitable position is to attach itself by a byssus or
JRinous thread, generally of more than one strand, to some convenient object; the
About this item
- Content
This volume is Volume I, Part II (Historical) of the Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. , ’Omān and Central Arabia (Government of India: 1915), compiled by John Gordon Lorimer and completed for press by Captain L Birdwood.
Part II contains an 'Introduction' (pages i-iii) written by Birdwood in Simla, dated 10 October 1914, 'Table of Chapters, Annexures, Appendices and Genealogical Tables' (pags v-viii), and 'Detailed Table of Contents' (ix-cxxx). These are also found in Volume I, Part IA of the Gazetteer (IOR/L/PS/20/C91/1).
Part II consists of three chapters:
- 'Chapter X. History of ’Arabistān' (pages 1625-1775);
- 'Chapter XI. History of the Persian Coast and Islands' (pages 1776-2149);
- 'Chapter XII. History of Persian Makrān' (pages 2150-2203).
The chapters are followed by nineteen appendices:
- 'Appendix A: Meteorology and Health in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. ' (pages 2205-2211);
- 'Appendix B: Geology of the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. ' (pages 2212-2219);
- 'Appendix C: The Pearl and Mother-of-Pearl Fisheries of the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. ' (pages 2220-2293);
- 'Appendix D: Date Production and the Date Trade in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. Region' (pages 2294-2307);
- 'Appendix E: Fisheries of the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. ' (pages 2308-2318);
- 'Appendix F: Sailing Craft of the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. ' (pages 2319-2332);
- 'Appendix G: Transport Animals and Livestock of the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. Region' (pages 2333-2348);
- 'Appendix H: Religions and Sects of the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. Region' (pages 2349-2385);
- 'Appendix I: Western Christianity and Missions in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. Region' (pages 2386-2399);
- 'Appendix J: The Telegraphs of the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. in their relation to the Telegraph Systems of Persia and Turkey' (pages 2400-2438);
- 'Appendix K: Mail Communications and the Indian Post Office in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. ' (pages 2439-2474);
- 'Appendix L: The Slave Trade in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. Region' (pages 2475-2516);
- 'Appendix M: Epidemics and Sanitary Organization in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. Region' (pages 2517-2555);
- 'Appendix N: The Arms and Ammunition Traffic in the Gulfs of Persia and ’Omān' (pages 2556-2593);
- 'Appendix O: The Imperial Persian Customs' (pages 2594-2625);
- 'Appendix P: Cruise of His Excellency Lord Curzon, Viceroy of India, in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. [1903]' (pages 2626-2662);
- 'Appendix Q: British and Foreign Diplomatic Political; and Consular Representation in the Countries Bordering on the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. ' (pages 2663-2699);
- 'Appendix R: Book References' (pages 2700-2736)
- 'Appendix S: Explanation of the System of Transliteration' (pages 2737-2741).
- Extent and format
- 1 volume (1165 pages)
- Arrangement
Volume I, Part II is arranged into chapters that are sub-divided into numbered periods covering, for example, the reign of a ruler or regime of a Viceroy, or are arbitrarily based on outstanding land-marks in the history of the region. Each period has been sub-divided into subject headings, each of which has been lettered. The appendices are sub-divided into lettered subject headings and also contain numbered annexures, as well as charts. Both the chapters and appendices have further subject headings that appear in the right and left margins of the page. Footnotes appear occasionally througout the volume at the bottom of the page which provide further details and references. A 'Detailed Table of Contents' for Part II and the Appendices is on pages cii-cxxx.
- Physical characteristics
The foliation sequence is circled in pencil, in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. of each folio. It begins on the first folio with text, on number 879, and ends on the last folio with text, on number 1503.
- Written in
- English and Arabic in Latin and Arabic script View the complete information for this record
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Copyright: How to use this content
- Reference
- IOR/L/PS/20/C91/2
- Title
- 'Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf. Vol I. Historical. Part II. J G Lorimer. 1915'
- Pages
- front, back, spine, edge, head, tail, front-i, i-r:ii-v, 1:130, 1625:2742, iii-r:iii-v, back-i
- Author
- East India Company, the Board of Control, the India Office, or other British Government Department
- Usage terms
- Open Government Licence