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'File 12/1 [1 A/1 I] Persian Claims to Bahrain' [‎29r] (62/502)

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The record is made up of 1 file (249 folios). It was created in 4 Nov 1933-21 Apr 1946. It was written in English, Farsi, French and Arabic. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .

Transcription

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.35
/■4
>1
/ r\
exercised important judicial powers in the islands. The
Sheikh io 1909-12. formally requested ills Majesty s
Government to exercise jurisdiction oyer foreigners in
Bahrein other than the subjects of Arab potentates. An
Order in Council A regulation issued by the sovereign of the United Kingdom on the advice of the Privy Council. conferring such jurisdiction on the 1 ohtical
A gent was made in 1913. It was supplemented by a further
Order in 1922. Since 1920 jurisdiction over ail foreign
subjects has rested with the British authorities within the
limits of the Orders in Council A regulation issued by the sovereign of the United Kingdom on the advice of the Privy Council. .
132. The Sheikh, on 14th May 1914, undertook not to Aitch., XI,
entertain any overtures for an oil concession save after No.xvi,
consultation with the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. and with the appiovai
of His Majesty’s Government.
Undertakings secured from Ibn Saud, Decembei 1 91j.
133. In 1915 His Majesty’s Government, in entering Aitch>j X l,
into an Agreement with Ibn Sand, then ruler of Nejd, No. it,
secured an undertaking from him “ to refrain from ail 2C6-8.
aggression on, or interference with the tenitoiies of . . .
Bahrein. . . .”
Persian Claim reasserted, 1922-23.
134. In 1922 His Majesty’s Consul at Bunder Abbas
reported that the Persian passport officials at Lingahhad
ruled that Bahreinis were Persian subjects and should be
given Persian passports. They seized two British certificates
of identity granted to Bahrein subjects, but on representa
tions being made by the Minister at lehran insti actions
were given by the Central Government that there was to be
no repetition of this incident. In 1922, also, the l eisian ^
delegate at a Postal Conference held at Bushire stated that ^ 2 6 .
while not for the moment pressing for the transfer to Persia
of the Bahrein post office, his action was without prejudice
to the Persian claim to Bahrein.
135. In 1923, consequent on a Press campaign and a
discussion in the Majliss on the desirability of giving
Bahrein the right to return a member to the Persian Parlia
ment, which was referred to a Commission for report, His
Majesty’s Government decided that it was desirable to
address a formal Note to the Persian Government in terms
similar to those employed in 1906 (paragraph 124 above).
Owing to the difficult internal situation m Peisia this p ^
proposal was dropped, but in September 1923 the Persian ^ ^ 27-
Government was informed that the island was now a British 9
protectorate, and that His Majesty’s Government did not
contemplate any alteration of its status. ihe Peisian
Minister for Foreign Affairs replied that the Government of
which he was a member had no intention of laying claim to
Bahrein on behalf of Persia. But despite this statement the
Minister for Foreign Affairs again reverted to the question
in the following month.
His Majesty's Government remove Sheikh Isa for
Misgovemment (1923).
136. Consequent on the gross misgovernment of Sheikh
Isa, who had been ruler of Bahrein since 1869, the Sheikh
was deprived by His Majesty’s Government of his control of
affairs in Bahrein on 26th May 1923, and was granted an pQ.
allowance, his son, Sheikh Hamnd (whose right of succession 63-4,
had been recognised by His Majesty’s Government in 1901) §§ 11-14
being appointed to act for him as his father s fully
empowered agent.”
Oil concession granted by Sheikh, 1925.
137. In 1925 an oil concession was granted by the
Sheikh of Bahrein to the Eastern and General Syndicate, a
British corporation, with the approval of His Majesty s
Government.

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Content

This file contains correspondence between British officials (primarily from the Foreign Office and the India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. ) concerning two interrelated topics; the Persian Government's claim to sovereignty over Bahrain and discussions over whether or not Bahrain should be considered part of the British Empire for the purposes of the Import Duties Act of 1932.

The file contains two memoranda concerning the history of Bahrain:

1) 'Historical Memorandum on Bahrein' written by J G Laithwaite of the India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. , 1934 (ff 11-34); 2) 'The History of the Bahrein Islands' written by the Foreign Office Research Department, 1945 (ff 217-218).

A number of translations and cuttings of press articles related to the sovereignty of Bahrain (in Faris, Arabic, French and English) are contained in the file.

The file also contains letters in Arabic (with English translations) from the rulers of Qatar (f 155), Bahrain (f 157), Umm al-Quwain (f 165) and Abu Dhabi (f 169), sent to the British Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. in Bahrain in response to a letter informing them that their territories were to be granted 'imperial preference' as per the Import Duties Act, 1932 (f 154).

Extent and format
1 file (249 folios)
Arrangement

The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the front to the rear of the file.

Physical characteristics

Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover and terminates at the back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 4-230; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are located in the same position as the main sequence. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superceeded and therefore crossed out.

Written in
English, Farsi, French and Arabic in Latin and Arabic script
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'File 12/1 [1 A/1 I] Persian Claims to Bahrain' [‎29r] (62/502), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/R/15/2/484, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100025822337.0x00003f> [accessed 28 March 2024]

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