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'File 12/1 [1 A/1 I] Persian Claims to Bahrain' [29v] (63/502)
The record is made up of 1 file (249 folios). It was created in 4 Nov 1933-21 Apr 1946. It was written in English, Farsi, French and Arabic. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .
Transcription
This transcription is created automatically. It may contain errors.
36
.. in*
Aitch., XT,
No. vii,
227-9.
26.11.1927.
P. 5559/27.
P. 322/28
P. 1409/28.
Undertakings secured from Jbn Sand in Treaty of Jedda,
1927. Persian Protest.
138. The Treaty of Jedda, concluded on 20th May 1927,
between His Majesty’s Government and Ibn Sand, the ruler
of Saudi Arabia, in substitution for the Treaty of 1915
(paragraph 133 above), provided inter alia that “His
Majesty the King of the Hedjaz and of Nejd and its
Dependencies ’’ should “ maintain friendly and peaceful
relations with the territories of . . . Bahrein and with the
Sheikhs of Qatar and the Oman Coast who are in special
treaty relations with His Britannic Majesty’s Government.”
Consequent thereon, a strong protest was received on
26th November 1927 from the Persian Government, copies
of which were despatched to the League of Nations. The
Persian protest was based essentially on the recognition
stated to have been accorded to Persian sovereignty over
Bahrein in Lord Clarendon’s Note of 29th April 1869
(paragraph 85 above). A reasoned reply to the Persian
Note was despatched by His Majesty’s Government on
18th January 1928, and circulated to the League. While
avoiding any definite statement as to their own position in
Bahrein or its basis, His Majesty’s Government in their Note
repudiated the Persian claim in the strongest terms, and
intimated that no argument such as was suggested could be
based on the communication of 29th April 1869.
Attitude of Sheikhs to Persian claim (1928).
139. The Sheikhs of Bahrein, on being apprised of the
revival of Persia’s claim, gave a letter to the Political
Resident, requesting His Majesty’s Government in accordance
with their treaties “ to defend Bahrein from outside inter
ference ” and to act as their agents in rebutting the Persian
claims, and intimating that the Sheikhs proposed to send
Sheikh Mohamed, brother of Sheikh Hamad, the deputy
ruler, and son of the deposed ruler, Isa, as their representative
in answering the claim should the case be taken to Geneva.
Further Persian Protest, 2nd August 1928.
140. On the 2nd August 1928 the Persian Government
P. 4184/28. communicated a lengthy and reasoned reply to the British
Note of 18th January 1928. The Note based its reiteration
of the Persian claim on the principle that territory belonging
to a sovereign State could definitely be detached from that
State only with the consent of the State in question, which had
not been given in the case of Bahrein ; and alleged that the
terms of the Foreign Office Note of 29th April 1869 were con
clusive evidence of the view then held of the rights of Persia
by His Majesty’s Government; that Bahrein had consistently
recognised Persian sovereignty, as could be proved by
documentary evidence, up to the date when the Sheikhs were
instigated to rebellion by a foreign government; that no
valid argument could be founded on the direct relations into
which the Sheikhs had entered with His Majesty’s Govern
ment, since their action had been without the approval of
their suzerain ; that the relations of Bahrein with Persia
were more highly developed than with any other independent
civilised country; that the Persian claim had been con
sistently and uninterruptedly pressed ; and finally that even
if the Treaty of 1822 was disavowed by His Majesty’s
Government, it was material evidence of the view held by
a British officer of great experience at the time of its con
clusion, and that its disavowal by the then Shah of Persia
was not because of any doubt on his part as to the true
status of Bahrein.
P. 1640/29 141. A reasoned reply, which examined in detail the
arguments put forward by the Persian Government and
reached the conclusion that they were without substance
was despatched and circulated to the League at the request
of His Majesty’s Government on 18th February 1929.
V
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About this item
- Content
This file contains correspondence between British officials (primarily from the Foreign Office and the India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. ) concerning two interrelated topics; the Persian Government's claim to sovereignty over Bahrain and discussions over whether or not Bahrain should be considered part of the British Empire for the purposes of the Import Duties Act of 1932.
The file contains two memoranda concerning the history of Bahrain:
1) 'Historical Memorandum on Bahrein' written by J G Laithwaite of the India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. , 1934 (ff 11-34); 2) 'The History of the Bahrein Islands' written by the Foreign Office Research Department, 1945 (ff 217-218).
A number of translations and cuttings of press articles related to the sovereignty of Bahrain (in Faris, Arabic, French and English) are contained in the file.
The file also contains letters in Arabic (with English translations) from the rulers of Qatar (f 155), Bahrain (f 157), Umm al-Quwain (f 165) and Abu Dhabi (f 169), sent to the British Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. in Bahrain in response to a letter informing them that their territories were to be granted 'imperial preference' as per the Import Duties Act, 1932 (f 154).
- Extent and format
- 1 file (249 folios)
- Arrangement
The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the front to the rear of the file.
- Physical characteristics
Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover and terminates at the back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 4-230; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are located in the same position as the main sequence. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superceeded and therefore crossed out.
- Written in
- English, Farsi, French and Arabic in Latin and Arabic script View the complete information for this record
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Copyright: How to use this content
- Reference
- IOR/R/15/2/484
- Title
- 'File 12/1 [1 A/1 I] Persian Claims to Bahrain'
- Pages
- front, back, spine, edge, head, tail, front-i, 2r:127v, 129r:129v, 131r:139v, 141r:154v, 156r:156v, 158r:164v, 166r:168v, 170r:204v, 206r:218v, 220r:248v, back-i
- Author
- East India Company, the Board of Control, the India Office, or other British Government Department
- Usage terms
- Open Government Licence