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'SUMMARY OF THE PRINCIPAL EVENTS AND MEASURES OF THE VICEROYALTY OF HIS EXCELLENCY LORD CURZON OF KEDLESTON, VICEROY AND GOVERNOR-GENERAL OF INDIA IN THE FOREIGN DEPARTMENT. I. JANUARY 1899-APRIL 1904. II. DECEMBER 1904-NOVEMBER 1905. VOLUME IV. PERSIA AND THE PERSIAN GULF.' [‎29r] (62/386)

The record is made up of 1 volume (189 folios). It was created in 1907. It was written in English. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .

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44,
The way of Russian navigation and trade was prepared by a mission which
travelled extensively in the Gulf region in
Russian navigation and commerco. 1900; the principal of the two members
composing the mission w r as M. Syromiatnikoff, a journalist of St. Petersburg.
The recommendations of M. Syromiatnikoff were accepted by the Russian Gov
ernment and took shape in the foundation before the end of 1900 of the “ Rus
sian Steam Navigation and Trading Company ”, an association having its head
quarters at Odessa and enjoying the liberal support of the Russian Treasury.
Two voyages were made by the Company’s steamers in 1901 and later the service
became quarterly. In 1903 a regular contract for twelve years was concluded
between the Russian Government and the Company on the basis of an annual
subsidy of 200,000 roubles, and the Company proceeded to establish offices and
appoint agents at all the principal Gulf ports. Purther otficial assistance was
rendered to Russian trade by two commercial missions under Prince Anatouni
which visited Southern Persia in 190! and 1905.
'While the Russian Government were labouring to create for themselves a
military and commercial position in the
French activity. Gulf, the French Republic, though its
schemes were of a less grandiose character, was somewhat similarly employed.
The existence of an understanding between France and Russia was detected
by the British Legation at Tehran in 1899 ; co-operation between the two
countries in the Gulf was openly recommended by the “ Novoe Vremya ”
of St. Petersburg in 1901 ; and local indications of joint action were not want
ing, such as the tour of the “ Boyarin ” and “ Internet ”, already mentioned, in
1903. At the same time it would be a mistake to suppose that 1 ranee had no
separate ambitions of her own ; the facts on the contrary indicate that she aimed
at the establishment of a French protectorate or quasi-protectorate ^ at some
point in eastern Oman and that she was in search of a naval point d’appui iu
the same neighbourhood. A persevering endeavour was made to create by the
wholesale grant of her flag, especially to natives of Sur, a maritime class of
Arabs dependent on her protection and subject to her authority ; and an
attempt by her to effect an occupation of the valuable harbour of Jisseh near
Maskat was very nearly successful. In fact it is obvious that France entertain
ed designs, unconnected with the furtherance of Russian policy, upon the Oman
coast between Maskat and Ras-al-Hadd, and possibly upon the hinterland as
well ; for the French Vice-Consul, during a period of years, maintained intimate
relations at Sur with the BeniBuAli and Jenebeh tribes who occupy also a
large part of the interior.
The system of granting French flags to subjects of the Sultan of Oman
appears to have been introduced about
Grant of French flags. Ife91, and in 1897 the Sultan began, with
the support of the British Government, to protest against this invasion of his sov
ereign rights; but his objections were ignored by the French Government. The
practice became a serious matter politically between 1897 and 1903, during
which period sea-faring Omanis were transferred in ever increasing numbers
from the jurisdiction of the Sultan to that of France. Ihe inducements to
accept the French flag were Considerable, for it not only enabled rebellious
Arabs to withdraw themselves from the authority of their lawful sovereign, but
also conferred on those of them who were engaged in the importation of slaves
or exportation of arms—and there were many such—immunity from search by
British war-vessels. Unsuccessful attempts were also made by the French
authorities to extend the French flag system to Trucial Oman A name used by Britain from the nineteenth century to 1971 to refer to the present-day United Arab Emirates. and the Persian
coast.
Manoeuvres by the French to secure a naval base on the Oman coast
began in 1898 with the visit of the gun-
French attempt to obtain a naval base. p oa ^ tt Q a l 3 5 s ” to Maskat; her commander
was successful iu obtaining from the Sultan a written concession for a French
coaling station, of which, however, the exact site was left undetermined. Later
in the vear another French gunboat, the “ Scorpion ”, arrived at Maskat with
presents for the Sultan ; and Jisseh, a small but good and defensible harbour,

About this item

Content

Printed at the GC [Government Central] Press, Simla.

The volume is divided into three parts: Part I (folios 5-47) containing an introduction; Part II (folios 48-125) containing a detailed account; and Part III (folios 126-188) containing despatches and correspondence connected with Part I Chapter IV ('The Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. ', folios 28-47).

Part I gives an overview of policy and events in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. region during Curzon's period as Viceroy [1899-1905], with sections on British policy in Persia; the maintenance and extension of British interests; Seistan [Sīstān]; and the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. . Part II contains more detailed accounts of selected topics, including sections on British policy in Persia, customs and finance, quarantine, administration, communications, and British and Russian activity in Seistan. The despatches and correspondence in Part III include correspondence from the Government of India in the Foreign Department, the Secretary of State for India, and the Viceroy; addresses and speeches by Curzon; and notes of interviews between Curzon and local rulers.

Mss Eur F111/531-534 consist of four identical printed and bound volumes. However, the four volumes each show a small number of different manuscript annotations and corrections.

This volume contains manuscript additions on folios 8, 11-12, 14, 42 (a sixteen word note concerning the use by the Shaikh of Koweit [Kuwait] of a distinctive colour [flag] for Kuwait shipping), and 62-66.

Extent and format
1 volume (189 folios)
Arrangement

The volume contains a list of Parts I-III on folio 4; a table of contents of Part I on folio 6; a table of contents of Part II on folio 49; and a table of contents of Part III on folios 127-129, which gives a reference to the paragraph of Part I Chapter IV that the despatch or correspondence is intended to illustrate.

Physical characteristics

Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 191; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio. Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.

Written in
English in Latin script
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'SUMMARY OF THE PRINCIPAL EVENTS AND MEASURES OF THE VICEROYALTY OF HIS EXCELLENCY LORD CURZON OF KEDLESTON, VICEROY AND GOVERNOR-GENERAL OF INDIA IN THE FOREIGN DEPARTMENT. I. JANUARY 1899-APRIL 1904. II. DECEMBER 1904-NOVEMBER 1905. VOLUME IV. PERSIA AND THE PERSIAN GULF.' [‎29r] (62/386), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, Mss Eur F111/534, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100070118029.0x00003f> [accessed 29 March 2024]

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