‘Persia – especially Seistan’ [‎63v] (125/949)

7. A fundamental feature of the constitution was the recognition of three
hereditary offices the holders of which were to advise and assist the Khan in the
administration of the State. The offires were those of the Sarawan and
Jhalawan Sirdars Leader of a tribe or a polity; also refers to a military rank or title given to a commander of an army or division. and of the Khan’s Wazir Minister. . The two former represented the
independent Brahui tribes in the Khan’s council, while the VVazir represented
the Khan’s personal authority and his revenue paying subjects. The Sarawan
Sirdari was hereditary in the Raisani family and the Jhalawan in the Zarakzai
family.
8. In 1857 Mir Khudadad succeeded to the Khanship and thenceforward
to the signing of the Mastung Treaty in 1876 a state of almost continuous
rebellion and disorder prevailed in the country. Our intervention at that juncture
came apparently just in time to save Mir Khudadad from being driven from his
throne by the Brahui tribesmen.
9. The practical effect of our arbitration was the recognition of the independ
ence of the Brahuis. They had waged a long and successful war against the
Khan and in the settlement that followed they were treated (and rightly so)
not as rebellious subjects but as a separate and independent party contending
against another party of their own confederacy.
10. From the above summary it will be seen that the Kalat State is com
posed of two very distinct parties, viz. (/) the Khan, his Wazir Minister. (when he has
one) and his niabats and (2) the Brahui tribes, each tribe governed by its
own chief and the whole under the Sarawan and Jhalawan Sirdars Leader of a tribe or a polity; also refers to a military rank or title given to a commander of an army or division. above
referred to.
11. I will deal with the Brahuis first. There is little or nothing to choose
between the Sarawan and Jhalawan Brahuis in their relation to the Khan. What
difference there is due to the fact that the tribes that are classed as real
Brahuis, viz., the Iltazais, Kambaranis, Kalandaranis, Gurgnanis, Samalaris, &c.,
and who recognise the Ahmadzais (the Khans are Ahmadzais) as the
head of their family as well as the head of the State, are all to be found in
Jhalawan. Though these tribes are not to be compared in importance to the
great independent tribes of Jhalawan as the Zehris, the Mengals, the Bizanjos
and the Muhammad Hasanis, and though they have equally with the latter
always opposed the Khan when Brahui rights were in question, yet the existence
of the tie must no doubt have given the Khan more influence and authority in
Jhalawan than he was able to secure in Sarawan.
12. On the top of this we have the fact that the Sarawan tribes being
closer at hand have come more in contact with and more under the guidance
and control of British officers than their Jhalawan brothers. Thus it is that
such measures as w r e have taken to bring the Kalat tribes under control bv
the granting of-allowances, the’establishment of Thanas, &c., have been taken
only in Sarawan and Kachi while in Jhalawan we have until comparatively lately
only interfered when absolutely necessary, and the Khan’s hold over the country
therefore feeble and fast dying though it is, is, nevertheless, not so absolutely
extinct in Jhalawan as it certainly is in Sarawan.
13. From the first our connection with Sarawan has been a close one ; it
was the Sarawan chiefs that brought Sir R. Sandeman up the Bolan Pass'to
Quetta and Mastung, it is they who have kept the pass open for us and who
for their assistance and loyalty during the Afghan War were given liberal
allowances *by Government which are still
continued to them or their successors.
Also the proximity of their country to
Quetta and other parts of British Baluchi-
into daily contact with British officers and British
* Note—The Raisani or Sarawan Sirdar Leader of a tribe or a polity; also refers to a military rank or title given to a commander of an army or division.
receives Rs. 500 and the other leading Sirdars Leader of a tribe or a polity; also refers to a military rank or title given to a commander of an army or division. Rs.
30 O each a month.
stan has brought them
administration.
14. The effect of the hold thus gained over the tribes has been to secure
a considerable degree of peace, good order, and security to the country
such as never existed before and which is still not to be found in Jhalawan. For
one thing disputes between the Khan and the Sirdars Leader of a tribe or a polity; also refers to a military rank or title given to a commander of an army or division. have, as arranged by the
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