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‘Persia – especially Seistan’ [‎287r] (572/949)

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The record is made up of 1 file (475 folios). It was created in 7 Nov 1901-23 Aug 1905. It was written in English. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .

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5
16 . Here I parted with Sir A. Hardinge, who had shown the warmest desire
to co-operate in the objects of my cruise, and who was equally vexed with
myselt at the contretemps that had occurred at the sole spot where it had been
proposed that 1 should land upon Persian soil. During our many conversations
we discussed the subjects of British and Indian interests in Seistan, the Seistan
boundary demarcation, the proposed removal of the Hashmat-ul-Mulk, the
attitude of the Belgian Customs officers, the BiUsso-Belgo-Persian policy on
the Baluch frontier, the extension of the Indian and Indo-European tele
graphs to Seistan, the channels of correspondence between our Consul in
Seistan and the British Legation at Tehran, the appointment of Bussian
telegraph-signallers in Central Persia, and the extension of Bussian tele
graphs in the north, the B&glement Douanier, the recent loan to the Persian
Government and the question of the Southern Customs, the maintenance of the
British quarantine officers in the Gulf, the raising of Bakhtiari and Lur
levies or road-guards, the location and functions of British Consular officers,
whether appointed from the Levant A geographical area corresponding to the region around the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Service or from India, in Southern
Persia and the Gulf, and the political and strategical defence of the interests
of Great Britain in her legitimate sphere of influence by land and by sea.
The results of these discussions and the recommendations of the Government
of India will in many cases form the subject of later representations to His
Majesty’s Government.
17 . The question had been raised whether I should make an attempt to see
the Sheikh of Mohammerah. As, however, I did not propose to ascend the
Shat-el-Arab, as an invitation to the Sheikh to meet me elsewhere than in his
own territory might, in view of his peculiar and rather delicate relations with
the Persian Government, have given offence to the latter, and as Sir A. Hardinge
himself intended to visit him a little later, it seemed to me that the idea had
better not be pursued. The Sheikh sent me a very courteous letter by the
hand of Major Burton, our Vice-Consul at Ahwaz, and to this I replied in a
similar tone.
18 . At Bushire my tour of the Gulf was really at an end : the squadron
dispersed : and, touching, only at Task for telegraphic messages on my return
journey, the “ Hardinge ” carried me back into Indian waters. On the way
I halted for a day at Pasni, a small port, with a possible future before it, on
the coast of British Makran.
The opportunity was taken to hold a Darbar A public or private audience held by a high-ranking British colonial representative (e.g. Viceroy, Governor-General, or member of the British royal family). for the Chiefs and Sardars
of 'Western and Southern Baluchistan. Colonel Yate had come for the purpose
from Quetta, and the Sardars attended in force from as far as Las Bela on the
east, Kharan on the north, and the Persian border on the west, having in some
cases been marching for weeks in order to be present. No Governor-General
had ever previously visited Makran. It is a part of the Indian Empire, which
has been somewhat neglected, but which, as soon as peace has been thoroughly
established on the Persian frontier, will acquire some importance and admit
Enclosure No vn a not Considerable expansion. The
speech which I made at the Darbar A public or private audience held by a high-ranking British colonial representative (e.g. Viceroy, Governor-General, or member of the British royal family). will
be found among the enclosures.
19 . On 7 th December I arrived again at Karachi, after an absence of
exactly three weeks. The programme had been carried out, with one excep
tion, in every particular: and the utmost good fortune had attended us
throughout. The weather had been extraordinarily favourable : and all the
officers concerned had laboured hard to make the proceedings a success. It
cannot, I think, be doubted that they will have left upon the rulers and peoples
of the Gulf a powerful and lasting impression of the incontestable predo
minance of British interests in those regions, and of the resolute intention of
the British and Indian Governments to maintain them.
I have the honour to be,
Sir,
Your most obedient, humble servant,
(Signed) CUBZON.

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Content

This part contains papers mostly relating to British interests in Persia [Iran] and the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. .

It includes a copy of the Board of Trade Commercial Intelligence Committee ‘Report received from Mr. H. W. Maclean, the Special Commissioner appointed by the Commercial Intelligence Committee of the Board of Trade, on the conditions and prospects of British trade in Persia.’

A handwritten note at the front of the file, on folio 5, states ‘Spare copy of notes & correspondence of the “Helmand Control” file (with maps)’. Folio 110 consists of handwritten notes, including one dated 27 April 1904, which states ‘The secret Helmand papers have been printed up, and a set, with necessary maps, is submitted for H.E. the Viceroy to take to England.’ Much of the file concerns the question of controlling the water of the Helmand river and irrigating its whole delta, and the work of the Seistan Arbitration Commission to arbitrate between Persia and Afghanistan on the question of rights to the water of the Helmand in Seistan.

The file also includes reports by W A Johns on reconnaissances of potential railway routes made while he was attached to the Seistan Arbitration Commission, and other papers relating to railways and roads in Persia.

In addition, the file includes copies of the following Government of India Foreign Department Proceedings, which reproduce received Foreign Department correspondence on the following subjects: ‘Selection of a British naval base in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. .’, November 1901, Nos. 74-83; ‘Visit of His Excellency the Viceroy to the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. during November-December 1903.’, February 1904, Nos. 33-127; ‘Establishment of telegraphic communication with Henjam. Question of the selection of a naval base in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. . Aggressive action of the Persians at Tamb and Abu Musa; their claim to the Islands.’, June 1904, Nos. 300-388; ‘Reports of the Commercial Mission to Persia.’, June 1905, Nos. 45-111; ‘Question of retaining flagstaffs erected in the neighbourhood of the Musandim Promontory’, August 1905, Nos. 288-307.’

The file also includes: brief handwritten notes written by Curzon on headed paper belonging to the Viceregal Lodge, Simla, relating to Seistan and to Lord Kitchener’s planned reforms for the reorganisation and redistribution of the Indian Army; and a printed copy of the report ‘A Note by Major H.L. [Herbert Lionel] Showers, C.I.E., on the present state of affairs in Kelat and a review of the system of Administration now being pursued.’

The file includes four maps: ‘Map of the Tail waters of Helmand River’ (13 July 1903), f 122; ‘Plan Shewing Proposed Routes for a Railway from Nushki to Afghan Frontier near Robat’ (10 April 1903), f 139; ‘Extract from Admiralty Chart No. 753. (Entrance to the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. ).’ (October 1901), f 219; and ‘Sketch of route Ram Hormuz to Fellahieh.’ (April 1904), f 230.

Extent and format
1 file (475 folios)
Arrangement

The papers are arranged in no apparent order, apart from the Government of India Foreign Department Proceedings, folios 231 to 474, which are arranged in chronological order.

Written in
English in Latin script
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‘Persia – especially Seistan’ [‎287r] (572/949), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, Mss Eur F111/359/1, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100093227830.0x0000ad> [accessed 2 August 2026]

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