"دليل بلاد فارس. مجلد III. جزء II: من L إلى Z" [و‎‎١‎٨‎٣] (٩٨٨/٣٧٠)

QAS- QAS
802'
in his way; and this place was coveted by the Kashkuli Khans also, whose
winter-quarters march with the Kamarij district. After despatching a
force of Qashqais to assist in Nizam's punishment of Tangistan, the Ilkhdnl
turned some of his tribesmen on Kamarij, but gained little success. At the
end of 1910 he had again undertaken responsibility for the security of the
caravan route via Kazarun, and he sent Muhammad 'Ali Khan, Kashkuli,
against the Mamassani tribes, authors of extensive robberies on the road.
His relations with this Kaldntar were, however, far from cordial.
In 1911, realizing that he had many enemies among his chiefs and relatives,
Saulat-ud-Dauleh skilfully appointed Saulat-us-Sultaneh, his brother, as
Ilbegi, with charge over the internal affairs of theQashqai: this was to keep
his brother from intriguing against himself. At the end of April 1911
occurred the attack on the duvvam brothers by Nizam-us-Sultaneh, and
the murder of the younger, in which the tribesmen were implicated, prob
ably with the llkhani’s approval. It is undeniable that Saulat-ud-Dauleh
had the power, when his pocket was properly compensated, and no intrigues
were on foot against him, of maintaining order and security on the caravan
route, for, apart from his successful guarantees of the Firuzabad and Jirreh
routes, he substantially alleviated the position of merchants in Shiraz
and Isfahan during the summer of 1911, by undertaking the protection of
•caravans which passed up by the “Sarhad " road through his tribal country
to Qumisheh and Isfahan. When, however, the tribes returned to their
downward migration in September 1911, Saulat-ud-Dauleh supplied a large
force of riflemen to carry on Nizam's faction fight with Q,uvvam-ul-Mulk's
adherents: but the successful irruption of the Khamseh II on behalf of the
Quvvam party dealt a severe blow to Saulat-ud-Dauleh's prestige, and he
retired to his property at Chah-i-Kazimeh in Qir and Karzin, taking with
him the large Darashuri clan, instead of allowing them to proceed in the
direction of Behbehan as usual. Saulat was removed from the llkhani-
ship at the same time as Nizam was dismissed from the Governorship of
Firs (November 1911), and the Government sent Zaigham-ud-Dauleh,
with the title of Sardar Ihtisham, to take over the Ilkhani-shiip of the Qa-
shqai. After the autumn migration of 1911 the executive power over the
clans was wielded by the Ilbegi, Saulat-ud-Sultaneh (now Amir 'Ashair),
who gathered together a number of the more important chiefs of clans at
Farashband.
In December 1911 occurred the attack on Mr. Smart and his escort of the
39th Central India Horse near Kazarun by the Kashkuli under Muhammad
'Ali Khan. The Ilkhdni was too weak to exact reparation, and disruption of
the Qashqai tribes became almost complete. Robberies were very frequent.
However, early in 1912, Zaigham-ud-Dauleh arrived at Kazarun with a non
descript following, was joined by the Kashkuli Khans, hostile to Saulat-
ud-Dauleh, and after a little hesitation most of the chief Kaldntars went
•over to Zaigham. On April 23rd Zaigham, with a following of about 1,000
tribesmen marched against Saulat, and though he was joined by the Rasiri
Arab tribe and a few Government troops with a mountain gun, nothing
decisive resulted, as both sides were too careful not to come to blows.
Saulat's following, however, among which was the Darashuri tribe, dispersed,
and Sau’at fled to Firuzabad. On May 15th all the headmen of the Qashqai