"دليل كرمانشاه." [ظ‎‎١‎٢‎٨] (٥٠٤/٢٦١)

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Colta having good blood fetch, when ono or two years old, from 20 to 30
tomans. Those from the Jaffs are sold at 40 to 50 tomans. One to two-
year old “ Yabus ’ can be bought at 15 to 16 tomans,
An ordinary horse, four to five years old, can be bought amongst the
tribes at from 30 to 40 tomans.
The best season for buying horses and mules is about one month after the
feast of Norooz (Marched). In winter, on account of the great demand
for transport, horses and mules are expensive.
Young horses intended for caravan work are accustomed, when three to
four years old, to carry loads. 50 maunds is a usual load for a full^ de
veloped horse, but up to 70 maunds is sometimes carried.
The usual lifetime of a horse is 15 to 20 years, ihe cost of shoeing a
horse is 4 krans, if inferior qualify shoes be used, the price is orny ^2 kiano.
il The shoe, in universal use, consists of a thin plate of iion, about I4 to 2
inches wide, hammered to the shape of the hoof,^ which it nearly covers ,
and is fastened on by four or six large headed naits. They last for about
10 weeks/'
Mules are bred by the Sinjabis, Kuliais, Kalhors, in Kurdistan ; and in
Harasam and near Kermanshah. Some 2,000 to
Mules * 3,000 mules are produced yearly, I am told, in the
province. AH the mules are proouced by mares.
A one-year old mule fetches from 30 to 50 tomans. A good three-year
old mule costs from 70 to 80 tomans ; although mules of that age are also
to be got for 55 tomans, but they are not then so well developed.
When three to four years old, the mule is accustomed to carry loads
of 20 maunds ; from four to five it carries from 35 to 40 maunds and when
fiv * 50 to 60 maunds. The usual load is consequently 320 to 390 lbs., and
this’ lead the mule carries a distance of 20 to 30 miles, day after day.
The lifetime of a mule is 20 to 30 years. Shoeing costs 3 krans. The
cost of a complete pack-saddle for a mule is 14 tomans.
Riding donkeys, used by the mollahs (priests) and merchants, are got
from Helleh, Baghdad, Shiraz, Yezd and Kerman,
Donkeys. and fetch from 25 to 50 tomans.
The ordinary small black or grey donkey, kept by the villagers and tribes
men, and supplying the means of transport for local produce, is bred in the
province and fetches from 10 to 25 tomans. Every village has from 10 to
50 of these donkeys, Shoeing costs 1*50 krans.
A kharvar is said to be the load of three donkeys. The usual load is
consequently about 216 lbs. fora donkey.
Camels.
No camels are bred in the province of Kerman*
shah.
From 2,000 to 3,000 camels come here every year from Isfahan, Kum,
Yezd and Kashan ; and carry goods from here to Teheran or Isfahan, or
return without loads.
Arab camelmen come from Baghdad and take loads to Hamadan, and
occasionally some direct to Teheran. They usually take no loads for the
return journey, except during the wool season. They also take grain to
Turkey and sometimes, but very rarely, a few cases of gum.