"دليل كرمانشاه." [و‎‎١‎٣‎٧] (٥٠٤/٢٧٨)

The tribe is rich in sheep, goats and oxen, but has few horses and mares.
Their land is milkiyat.
Of this tribe, Sir Henry Rawlinson wrote as follows :-— ff Shortly after
the time of Sultan Murad, the Kalin r tribe, which had been driven out of
Dartung and Darnah, assumed to themselves the peculiar designation of
Gurans, which had been previouly applied to the Kurdish peasantry as
distinguished from the clans; and these Gurans, at the same time, broke
into three distinct tribes of Kalleh Zanjiri, Kerindi andBiwaniji, the names
being derived from their several places of residence. They are said,
with the connivance of the Government of Kermanshah, to have driven the
Bajilans out of Darnah in about the year 1700, and to have obliged the
latter to confine themselves to the plains, in which, shortly afterwards, the
Bajilan Pasha founded the town of Zohab.”
From most minute inquiries and studies by Dr. Mann, it would appear
that this district was in olden times inhabited by a sedentary population, who
spoke the so-called tajik dialect of the interior of Persia. This population
has been overpowered by the Kalhurs and Zengenehs, and thus formed a new
tribe, under the name of Gurans. '1 he sedentary families of the Gurans
have preserved their old language, whilst the nomad families speak the
Kalhor and Zengeneh Kurdi.
Notes on some of the villages of the Guran district
Gahvyareh, the principal village of the Guran country, is situated on the
other side of the Kala Kazi r mge, one stage north-east of Kerind and 40
miles west of Kermanshah It numbers 300 houses and was celebrated for
its apples. Unfortunately the trees were destroyed by caterpillars. The
peasants now cultivate tobacco, of which large quantities are exported to
Kermanshah. Rough gilims are woven by the women and childern, and
used exclusively by the tribe. The Guran women are said to turn out the
best carpets of the province, but they now seldom make any.
The elevation of Gahwareh is 1,507TO metres.
Chiabur or Chegabur, near the road, at Milleh Amir Khan, which leads
from Mahidasht to the Guran territory.
Tushami, village of Aga Seyyed Rustam, one of the chiefs of the
Aliullahis, is 1| farsakhs from Gahwareh, between that place and Biwanij.
It is on the Zimkan River, which rises at Sar tang Biwanij, at about 1
farsakh from Tuehami, between that place and Biwanij. The elevation of
Tushami is 1,633’25 metres.
Kalleh Zanjir, the second chief place of the Guran tribe, on the north
east brow of the Dalahu.
Buluk of Kerind .—Chief place, Kerind.
Governor, Nermatullah Khan, Saram ul Mamalek, son of Malek Niaz
Khan and nephew of Air Murad Khan, Ehtesham ul Mumalek.
The district of Kerind is composed of—
(1) The plain of Kerind, in which are the town of Keiind and many
villages, such as Harir and Khosroeabad.
Kerind, lat. 34° IG 7 59 // N., long. 46° 14' E.; elevation, 5,500 feet
(Gerard); is situated 56 miles west of Kermanshah, on the road from
Kermanshah to Bagdad. It is described by Eraser as “ grotesquely, rather