"ملخص لمراسلات، إلخ، تتعلق بشؤون آسيا الوسطى، بلوشستان، بلاد فارس، إلخ، ١٨٧٥-١٨٧٧. مع ملاحق." [ظ‎‎١‎٦‎٧] (٥٦٢/٣٣٩)

TheS e T— ^ o rSr E Ml T T h 4
£ “StuS trailed to comprehend the matter.
. “ Tlie cirC ^"1Z“ of theTown! St ^th the Khan at their hfd^eldd
submission to^he Turkestan detachment which had gained Khiva from the east and after the
town had sent deputation after deputation to General Kauffmann : another portion of the population
town naa i d te struffff i e with the Orenburg detachment of General Verefkm, who
hS approached Khiva from the north-east. . The soldiers of the Turkestan corps were making
theirTriimnhant entry into the town, while m another part of it a brisk fire of musketry was
beino. directed against the Orenburg detachment . Tins strange occurrence gave rise to many
re'nrts The Turkestan soldiers considered that their Orenburg comrades had lacked discretion
inlieedlessly exciting and maintaining a struggle with a conquered city.
w -XZ. X,
“ The extraordinary circumstances which characterized the capt ure of Khiva, were not the
result of a,iv accident, but proceeded from the condition of things m the Khanate. The
Khon was ready to submit to the Russians, and to fulfill their demands, but failed in
obtaining the submission of the Turkomans. He. declared himself unable to compel them to
submit to his demand. There was no organization among the Turkomans which Russia could
relv on General Kauffmann, with a view of forcing them to respect our authority, demanded
uavment of a contribution. Simultaneously with its demand, it was necessary to enforce its
payment, and hence proceeded a series of expeditions. Could any reliance have been placed on
the friendliness shown by the Turkomans towards the Orenburg detachment? We have
to deal with Turkomans, not only on the Khivan frontier, but also on the shores ot the Caspian.
The Caspian Turkomans have, on several occasions, displayed a willingness to become
Russian subiects. On the occupation of Krasnovodsk orders were given to maintain friendly
relations with them. Rumour said that Colonel Stoletof was recalled for having inflicted
punishment on some Turkomans. We saw, however, that his successor Colonel Markozof,
was obliged to engage in an expedition against the Turkomans, and to burn their habitations aud
property like Generals Kauffmann and Golovachof. The present Commander of the Caspian
Region General Lomakin, as the Invalids informs us, succeeded at first m establishing friendly
relations not only with the Turkomans under Russian rule, but likewise with the neighbouring
Tekke Turkomans. A year, however, had scarcely elapsed, when the friendliness of the iurko-
mans terminated in such an act of brigandage that General Lomakin was obliged to under
take a reconnaissance or expedition (they are nearly synonymous) into the country ot tbe
Turkomans.
“ The establishment of the rule of the Khan is another matter. Strangely enough m
Kokand we do not interfere in the internal feuds that prevail there ; in Bokhara we subdued the
rebellious Begs for the Ameer, to whom we surrendered the possessions of these Begs, m spite ot
the wishes of the population to recognize Russian rule. In Khiva, according to the Invahde,
we demand ‘ complete obedience to the Khan/
“ If for certain reasons it proves necessary to secure the authority of Central .Asiatic despots
by the terror inspired by our arms, it is likewise necessary for Russia to exercise immediate con
trol over their actions, and to give heed to the complaints of their subjects, in the event ot
any abuse of their power thus guaranteed by our authority.”
[Secret, June 1875, No. 165.]
165. Russian trade with Khiva in 1875 and 1876 — During the
first named year twenty caravans were despatched to Khiva, and ten from Khiva
to Krasnovodsk. Erom 1st January to 15th November the value of the export
trade to Khiva was estimated at 200,000 roubles, and the import trade from
Khiva to Russia at 360,000 roubles. The principal articles of import were
silk aud fruit; aud of export, wine, brandy, leather, cloth, palm- wood, petro
leum, hardware, aud sugar.
In 1876 a caravan of 800 camels from Khiva laden with cotton, silk, hides,
and furs, arrived at Krasuovodsk on the May, whence the goods were
shipped via Baku aud Astrakhan to Nijni. Its total value was estimated at
150,000 roubles, or about £21,430. During the last part of its journey the
caravan was escorted by a sotnia of Cossacks, sent by the Viceroy ot the