"كتيّب بلاد الرافدين. المجلد IV .١٩١٧" [ظ‎‎١‎١‎٢] (٥٣٠/٢٢٩)

220
LAND KOUTES
Miles from
Bitlis
18
Tukh, Armenian village, li m. to r, up a valley, across
whose stream there was a dilapidated stone bridge in
1890, and a ford 2 ft. deep in September, with a muddy
bottom. A somewhat steep ascent leads to an open
basin, surrounded by low hills covered with brushwood.
Khan Ehnali, 1 m. from the shore. Route then rounds
a promontory, 150 ft. above the shore, and enters another
basin through which a strong stream flows.
Pasha Elmali, 80 houses. Follow a rocky, rough track
by the shore (alt. 5,360 ft.), 30 ft. above the water ; leave
the lake by a short, steep ascent ; descend gradually
over a stony plain. Then cross some low hills to 1., and
after passing a stream descend by a broad, easy track
through an open basin 1 m. wide.
Shamunis (alt. 5,460 ft.), 50 Kurd houses with good water
and plentiful supplies, lying N. of the Sakh Dagh, on
which are some low oaks, a few junipers, and brushwood.
Boute 89 b (m. 25^) from Bitlis joins here. Beyond this the
route turns E. along a shingly beach, leaves the basin
and rounds a promontory. It then follows a stony
hill-side, crosses first a shingly beach ^ m. long, then a
stream, and passes an open basin i m. wide.
Crharzit, 20 Armenian and 10 Kurdish houses. Keep near
the water-level by a stony track, and follow the shore,
N. of a steep slope covered with brushwood. Here pass,
1 m. to 1., the large Armenian village of Snrp, situated
on the W. shore of a large promontory, whence fuel is
shipped to Van. Prom this point a very steep ascent
of m. leads SE. away from the lake, passing through
stones and bushes by zigzags.
Summit. Route passes through low, rocky hills, and
then follows a stream by an easy descending track.
Pass Wanik, 60 houses, m. to r., shut in by steep hills
covered with brushwood and stunted trees. Going E.
route enters a valley ^ m. wide, opening into a wide well-
wooded valley from S.
Kindranz, 30 Armenian houses. 1 m. to r. (S.) is the resi
dence of the Kaimmakam of Karchikan Kaza, and a good
halting-place for a large body of men, with plenty of fuel,
supplies, and drinking water. Prom the valley a level track
leads across the well-cultivated and well-watered Gbllii
plain, 3-4 m. wide, which is flooded for a considerable